I-EV yenze intuthuko enkulu ebangeni eminyakeni yamuva nje.Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2022. isilinganiso sokuhamba ngomkhumbi senyuke ukusuka kumakhilomitha angu-212 kuya kumakhilomitha angu-500, futhi uhla lokuhamba lusakhula, futhi amanye amamodeli angafinyelela ngisho namakhilomitha angu-1,000.Ibanga lokuhamba eligcwele amandla lisho ukuvumela amandla ehle ukusuka ku-100% ukuya ku-0%, kodwa ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi ukusebenzisa ibhethri lamandla emkhawulweni akukuhle.
Yimalini inkokhiso engcono kakhulu ye-EV?Ingabe ukushaja okuphelele kuyolimaza ibhethri?Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabe ukukhipha ngokuphelele ibhethri kuyingozi ebhethri?Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokushaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi?
1. Akunconywa ukushaja ibhethri lamandla ngokugcwele
Amabhethri emoto kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa amaseli e-lithium-ion.Njengamanye amadivaysi asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium, afana nomakhalekhukhwini namakhompyutha aphathekayo, ukushaja ku-100% kungashiya ibhethri lisesimweni esingazinzile, okungaba nomthelela omubi ku-SOC (State of Charge) noma kubangele ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele.Uma ibhethri lamandla elisebhodini lishajwe ngokugcwele futhi likhishwa, ama-ion e-lithium awakwazi ukushumeka futhi anqwabelene embobeni yokushaja ukuze kwakheke ama-dendrites.Le nto ingabhoboza kalula i-electromagnetic diaphragm futhi yakhe isiyingi esifushane, esizodala ukuthi imoto ithungele ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngenhlanhla, ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele kuyivelakancane kakhulu, kodwa maningi amathuba okuba kubangele ukuwohloka kwebhethri.Lapho ama-ion e-lithium eba nokusabela okuseceleni ku-electrolyte okubangela ukulahleka kwe-lithium, ayaphuma emjikelezweni wokushaja wokukhipha.Lokhu kuvamise ukuba ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu akhiqizwa amandla agciniwe uma eshajwe kumthamo omkhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukushaja ngokweqile kuzodala izinguquko ezingenakuhlehliswa esakhiweni sezinto ezisebenzayo ze-electrode esebenzayo yebhethri kanye nokubola kwe-electrolyte, kufinyeze impilo yesevisi yebhethri.Ukushajwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwemoto kagesi kuya ku-100% akunakwenzeka ukuthi kubangele izinkinga ezibonakala ngokushesha, njengoba izimo ezikhethekile azikwazi ukugwema ukushaja imoto ngokugcwele.Kodwa-ke, uma ibhethri yemoto ishajwa ngokugcwele isikhathi eside futhi njalo, izinkinga zizovela.
2. Ukuthi u-100% obonisiwe ushajwe ngokugcwele yini
Abanye abenzi bezimoto baklame izivikeli zebhafa zokushaja kwe-EV ukuze kugcinwe i-SOC enempilo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ideshibhodi yemoto ibonisa ukushajwa okungamaphesenti angu-100, empeleni ayifinyeleli umkhawulo ongathinta impilo yebhethri.Lokhu kusetha, noma ukugoba, kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwebhethri, futhi abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi kungenzeka bathathele kulo mklamo ukuze bagcine imoto isesimweni esihle kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
3. Gwema ukuchichima ngokweqile
Ngokuvamile, ukushajwa kwebhethri ngokuqhubekayo okungaphezu kuka-50% womthamo walo kuzonciphisa inani elilindelekile lemijikelezo yebhethri.Isibonelo, ukushaja ibhethri ku-100% nokuyikhipha ngaphansi kuka-50% kuzofinyeza impilo yayo, futhi ukuyishaja ibe ngu-80% nokuyikhipha ngaphansi kuka-30% nakho kuzonciphisa ukuphila kwayo.Ukujula kokukhipha i-DOD (Ukujula Kokukhipha) kuyithinta kangakanani impilo yebhethri?Ibhethri elijikelwe ngebhayisikili laya ku-50% DOD lizoba namandla aphindwe izikhathi ezi-4 kunebhethri elijikelwe ukuya ku-100% DOD.Njengoba amabhethri e-EV cishe awakaze akhishwe ngokuphelele - uma kucatshangelwa ukuvikelwa kwebhafa, empeleni umthelela wokukhipha okujulile ungase ube mncane, kodwa uphawuleke.
4. Uzishaja kanjani izimoto zikagesi futhi welule impilo yebhethri
1) Naka isikhathi sokushaja, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ukushaja okunensayo Izindlela zokushaja zezimoto ezisebenza ngamandla amasha zihlukaniswe ngokushaja okusheshayo nokushaja kancane.Ukushaja kancane ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-10, kuyilapho ukushaja okusheshayo ngokuvamile kuthatha ingxenye yehora ukushaja u-80% wamandla, futhi kungashajwa ngokugcwele emahoreni angu-2.Nokho, ukushaja okusheshayo kuzosebenzisa i-current enkulu namandla, okuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ephaketheni lebhethri.Uma ishaja ngokushesha kakhulu, izophinda ibangele amandla abonakalayo ebhethri, azonciphisa impilo yebhethri lamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho kuseyinketho yokuqala uma isikhathi sivuma.Indlela yokushaja kancane.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi sokushaja akufanele sibe side kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodala ukushajwa ngokweqile futhi kubangele ukushisa kwebhethri yemoto.
2) Naka amandla lapho ushayela futhi ugweme ukukhipha okujulile Izimoto zamandla amasha ngokuvamile zizokukhumbuza ukuthi ushaje ngokushesha okukhulu lapho amandla asele angama-20% kuya ku-30%.Uma uqhubeka nokushayela ngalesi sikhathi, ibhethri izokhishwa ngokujulile, futhi okuzonciphisa ukuphila kwebhethri.Ngakho-ke, uma amandla asele ebhethri ephansi, kufanele ashajwe ngesikhathi.
3) Uma uyigcina isikhathi eside, ungavumeli ibhethri liphelelwe amandla Uma imoto izoma isikhathi eside, qiniseka ukuthi ungavumeli ibhethri liphelelwe amandla.Ibhethri lithambekele ekubeni ne-sulfate esimweni sokuphelelwa amandla, futhi amakristalu e-lead sulfate anamathela epuletini, elizovimba isiteshi se-ion, libangele ukushaja okunganele, futhi linciphise umthamo webhethri.Ngakho-ke, izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza ngamandla kufanele zishajwe ngokugcwele lapho zipakwe isikhathi eside.Kunconywa ukuwashaja njalo ukuze ugcine ibhethri isesimweni esinempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-12-2023