Njengoba kusondela unyaka ka-2023, i-Tesla's 10,000th Supercharger ezweni laseChina isizinze phansi kwe-Oriental Pearl eShanghai, okumaka isigaba esisha kunethiwekhi yayo yokushaja.
Eminyakeni emibili edlule, inani lamashaja e-EV e-China libonise ukukhula okunamandla.Idatha yomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi ngoSepthemba 2022, inani eliphelele lamashaja e-EV ezweni lonke lase lifinyelele ku-4,488,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-101.9%.
Ekwakhiweni kweshaja ye-EV ngokugcwele, singabona isiteshi sokushaja esikhulu se-Tesla esingasebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sosuku ngemva kokushaja ngemizuzu eyi-10.Siphinde sabona nesiteshi sokushintsha ugesi se-NIO, esishesha njengokugcwalisa uphethiloli.Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabasebenzisi luba ngcono usuku nosuku, sibonakala singazinaki kangako izindaba eziphathelene nochungechunge lwemboni yeshaja ye-EV kanye nokuthuthuka kwayo kwesikhathi esizayo.
Sikhulume nochwepheshe bemboni yeshaja ye-EV yasekhaya futhi safunda futhi sahumusha intuthuko yamanje yochungechunge lwezimboni zamashaja e-EV kanye nezinkampani ezimele ezikhuphuka nomfula, futhi ekugcineni sahlaziya futhi sabikezela amathuba amasha okukhula kwemboni yeshaja ye-EV yasekhaya emhlabeni esekwe. kweqiniso lemboni namandla esikhathi esizayo.
Imboni yeshaja ye-EV inzima ukwenza imali, futhi uHuawei akazange abambisane neGridi Yombuso
Embonini yeshaja ye-EV ehlangene ngosuku olwandulela izolo, sishintshisane nochwepheshe bemboni yeshaja ye-EV mayelana nemodeli yamanje yenzuzo yemboni yeshaja ye-EV, imodeli ye-Opharetha yeshaja ye-EV kanye nesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemojuli yeshaja ye-EV, indawo ebalulekile Imboni yeshaja ye-EV.
Q1: Ithini imodeli yenzuzo yama-opharetha eshaja yemoto kagesi njengamanje?
A1: Eqinisweni, kunzima kubaqhubi beshaja yemoto kagesi yasekhaya ukwenza inzuzo, kodwa sonke siyavuma ukuthi kukhona izindlela zokusebenza ezinengqondo: njengendawo yesevisi yamagalaji kaphethiloli, bangahlinzeka ngokudla nokokuzijabulisa eziteshini zokushaja, futhi banikeze amasevisi ahlosiwe ngokuya ngezintandokazi zabasebenzisi abashajayo.Bangakwazi futhi ukuxhumana namabhizinisi ukuze bathole izimali zokukhangisa.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezifana nezindawo zesevisi zamagalaji kaphethiloli kudinga izinsiza ezisekelayo kanye nabasebenzi abahlobene, okuyinani elikhulu lokusekelwa kwabaqhubi, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okunzima uma kuqhathaniswa.Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziyinhloko zenzuzo ziseyimali engenayo eqondile evela ekukhokhiseni izimali zesevisi kanye nezibonelelo, kuyilapho abanye opharetha bethola amaphuzu enzuzo amasha.
Q2: Embonini yeshaja yezimoto zikagesi, ingabe izinkampani ezifana nePetroChina neSinopec, esezivele zinamagalaji amaningi kaphethiloli, zizoba nezinzuzo ezithile zendawo yokusebenza?
A2: Akukho ukungabaza ngakho.Eqinisweni, i-CNPC ne-Sinopec sebevele behileleke ekwakhiweni kweshaja yemoto kagesi kanye neziteshi zokushaja, futhi inzuzo yabo enkulu ukuthi banezinsiza zomhlaba ezanele edolobheni.
E-Shenzhen, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi kunezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile e-Shenzhen, izinga lenzuzo yabaqhubi bendawo lisephezulu kakhulu, kodwa esikhathini esizayo sentuthuko, kuzoba nenkinga yokuthi kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwezindleko zangaphandle ezishibhile. izinsiza zomhlaba, nezintengo zomhlaba wasendlini zibiza kakhulu, zibambezeleka ekuhlaleni okuqhubekayo kweshaja yemoto kagesi.
Eqinisweni, wonke amadolobha esikhathini esizayo azoba nesimo sokuthuthukiswa njenge-Shenzhen, lapho inzuzo yokuqala ihle, kodwa kamuva inqatshelwe ngenxa yentengo yomhlaba.Kodwa i-CNPC ne-Sinopec zinezinzuzo zemvelo, ukuze opharetha, i-CNPC ne-Sinopec izimbangi ezinezinzuzo zemvelo esikhathini esizayo.
Q3: Siyini isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemojuli yeshaja yemoto kagesi evamile?
I-A3: Kukhona cishe amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinkampani zasekhaya ezenza ishaja yemoto kagesi, kodwa manje kunabakhiqizi abambalwa nabambalwa abenza imojuli yeshaja yemoto kagesi, futhi isimo sokuncintisana siya ngokuya sibonakala.Isizathu siwukuthi imodyuli yeshaja yemoto kagesi, njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomfula, inomkhawulo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe futhi kancane kancane iphathwa yizinkampani ezimbalwa zekhanda ekuthuthukisweni.
Futhi kumabhizinisi anedumela lebhizinisi, ithonya kanye nobuchwepheshe, i-Huawei ihamba phambili phakathi kwabo bonke abakhiqizi bemojula yeshaja yemoto kagesi.Kodwa-ke, imojuli yeshaja yemoto kagesi yakwaHuawei kanye nezinga legridi kazwelonke lihlukile, ngakho akukho ukubambisana negridi kazwelonke okwamanje.
Ngaphezu kweHuawei, Increase, Infypower kanye neTonhe Electronics Technologies bangabahlinzeki abakhulu eChina.Isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke i-Infypower, imakethe enkulu ingaphandle kwenethiwekhi, kunenzuzo ethile yamanani, kuyilapho i-Tonhe Electronics Technologies inesabelo esiphezulu kakhulu kunethiwekhi, ngokuqhubekayo ibonisa ukuncintisana kwe-oligarchic.
Ukukhuphuka kochungechunge lwemboni yeshaja ye-EV kubheka imojula yokushaja, futhi i-midstream ibheka opharetha
Njengamanje, uchungechunge lwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula yeshaja ye-EV yezimoto zamandla amasha ingumkhiqizi wezingxenye namathuluzi adingekayo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwamashaja e-EV.Maphakathi nemboni, yizinkampani ezishajayo.Ababambiqhaza bezimo ezihlukahlukene zokushaja ezansi nochungechunge lwezimboni ikakhulukazi abasebenzisi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ochungechungeni lwemboni ekhuphukayo yeshaja ye-EV yezimoto, imojula yokushaja iyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko futhi inomkhawulo ophezulu wobuchwepheshe.
Ngokwezibalo zeZhiyan Information, izindleko zemishini yehadiwe yeshaja ye-EV yizindleko eziyinhloko zeshaja ye-EV, ebalwa ngaphezu kuka-90%.Imojula yokushaja iwumgogodla wemishini yehadiwe yeshaja ye-EV, ibalwa ku-50% wezindleko zemishini yehadiwe yeshaja ye-EV.
Imojula yokushaja ayinikezi nje amandla nogesi kuphela, kodwa futhi yenza ukuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC, ukukhulisa i-DC nokuhlukaniswa, okunquma ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kweshaja ye-EV, futhi kungashiwo ukuthi "inhliziyo" yeshaja ye-EV, umkhawulo ophezulu wezobuchwepheshe, futhi ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile busezandleni zamabhizinisi ambalwa embonini.
Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bemojula yokushaja abajwayelekile emakethe yi-Infypower, Increase, Huawei, Vertiv, UUGreenPower Electrical, i-Shenzhen Sinexcel Electric nezinye izinkampani ezihamba phambili, ezithatha ngaphezu kuka-90% wokuthunyelwa kwemojula yokushaja yasekhaya.
Maphakathi nochungechunge lwemboni yeshaja ye-Auto EV, kukhona amamodeli ebhizinisi amathathu: imodeli eholwa ngu-opharetha, imodeli eholwa yimoto nebhizinisi kanye nemodeli eholwa yipulatifomu yesevisi yokushaja evela eceleni.
Imodeli eholwa ngu-opharetha iyimodeli yokuphatha ukusebenza lapho isisebenzisi siqedela ngokuzimela ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukwakhiwa kanye nokusebenza nokunakekelwa kwebhizinisi leshaja ye-EV futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokushaja kubasebenzisi.
Kule modi, ama-opharetha ashajayo ahlanganisa kakhulu izinsiza ezikhuphuka nomfula ezingaphansi kochungechunge lwezimboni futhi zibambe iqhaza ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokushaja kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini.Ekuqaleni, badinga ukutshala imali enkulu kusayithi, ishaja ye-EV nezinye izingqalasizinda.Kungumsebenzi osindayo, onezidingo eziphezulu zamandla emali enkulu namandla okusebenza aphelele amabhizinisi.Egameni lamabhizinisi ane-TELD New Energy, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, igridi yoMbuso.
Imodi ehamba phambili yamabhizinisi ezimoto imodi yokuphatha ukusebenza lapho amabhizinisi ezimoto zamandla amasha ezothatha ishaja ye-EV njengesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa futhi anikeze abanikazi bemikhiqizo ehloselwe ulwazi olungcono lokushaja.
Le modi ingeyabanikazi bezimoto ezingashintshi kuphela bamabhizinisi ezimoto, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa lamashaja e-EV liphansi.Kodwa-ke, ngendlela yokwakhiwa kwenqwaba ezimele, amabhizinisi ezimoto nawo adinga ukusebenzisa izindleko eziphezulu ukwakha amashaja e-EV futhi awagcine esigabeni sakamuva, esilungele amabhizinisi ezimoto anenani elikhulu lamakhasimende kanye nebhizinisi eliyisisekelo elizinzile.Amabhizinisi abamele ahlanganisa i-Tesla, i-NIO, i-XPENG Motors njalonjalo.
Imodi yenkundla yesevisi yokushaja yenkampani yangaphandle iyindlela yokuphatha ukusebenza lapho inkampani yangaphandle ihlanganisa futhi idayise kabusha amashaja e-EV ama-opharetha ahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa ikhono layo lokuhlanganisa insiza.
Le modeli yenkundla yesevisi yokushaja yenkampani yangaphandle ayihlanganyeli ekutshalweni kwezimali nasekwakhiweni kwamashaja e-EV, kodwa ifinyelela amashaja e-EV ama-opharetha ahlukene ashajayo endaweni yawo ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo okuhlanganisa izinsiza.Ngobuchwepheshe bedatha enkulu nokuhlanganiswa kwensiza kanye nokwabiwa, amashaja e-EV o-opharetha abahlukene axhunyiwe ukuze ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zokushaja kubasebenzisi be-C.Izinkampani ezimelele zihlanganisa i-Xiaoju Fast Charging kanye ne-Cloud Fast Charging.
Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mihlanu yokuncintisana okugcwele, iphethini yemboni yeshaja ye-EV iyalungiswa ekuqaleni, futhi iningi lemakethe lilawulwa opharetha, okwenza ibala le-tripod le-TELD New Energy, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, i-State grid kagesi.Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi yokushaja kusancike ekuxhasweni kwenqubomgomo kanye nokwesekwa kwezimali zezimakethe ezinkulu, futhi akukakadluli emjikelezweni wenzuzo.
Ukwanda komfula, i-midstream TELD Amandla Amasha
Embonini yeshaja ye-EV, imakethe yabahlinzeki bempahla ekhuphukayo kanye nemakethe ye-opharetha emaphakathi inezimo ezihlukene zokuncintisana nezici zemakethe.Lo mbiko uhlaziya ibhizinisi elihamba phambili lemojula yokushaja ekhuphuka nomfula: Khuphula, kanye ne-opharetha yokushaja emaphakathi: I-TELD Amandla Amasha, ukukhombisa isimo semboni.
Phakathi kwazo, iphethini yokuncintisana yeshaja ye-EV ekhuphuka nomfula isinqunyiwe, Ukwenyuka kuthathe indawo.
Ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva nje, iphethini yemakethe ekhuphukayo yamashaja e-EV seyakhekile.Ngenkathi inaka ukusebenza komkhiqizo kanye nentengo, amakhasimende aphansi komfula anaka kakhulu izimo zezicelo zomkhakha nokuzinza komkhiqizo.Kunzima kwabasanda kubhalisa ukuthola ukuqashelwa kwemboni ngesikhathi esifushane.
Futhi Ukwenyuka eminyakeni engamashumi amabili yokuthuthuka, nethimba locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe elivuthiwe nelizinzile, uchungechunge olugcwele lwemikhiqizo engabizi kakhulu kanye neziteshi zokumbozwa okuningi nokubanzi kwenethiwekhi yokumaketha, imikhiqizo yenkampani isetshenziswe ngokuzinza kuzo zonke izinhlobo. yamaphrojekthi, esithunzini semboni.
Ngokwesimemezelo Sokunyuswa, ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo yezindawo zokushaja ugesi, sizoqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni yamanje, sithuthukise izinkomba zokusebenza ezifana nezidingo zemvelo kanye nobubanzi bamandla aphumayo, futhi sisheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yokushaja okusheshayo ye-DC. ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sizophinda sethule “ishaja eyodwa ye-EV enamacala amaningi” futhi sithuthukise izixazululo zesistimu yokushaja evumelana nezimo ukuze sinikeze izixazululo ezingcono zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo yokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokushaja ze-DC ezinamandla amakhulu.Futhi qhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwesoftware yokusebenza kwesiteshi sokushaja kanye nesikhulumi sokuphatha, uqinise imodeli yebhizinisi edidiyelwe "yesiteji sokuphatha + isixazululo sokwakha + umkhiqizo", futhi ulwele ukwakha uhlobo olusha oluqhutshwa izinto eziningi njengomphakeli oholayo kanye nomhlinzeki wesixazululo ku. imboni yezogesi zamandla.
Nakuba, Ukwenyuka kunamandla, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, inkambiso yemakethe yomthengi, zisekhona izingozi zokuncintisana kwemakethe esikhathini esizayo.
Kusukela ohlangothini lwesidingo, eminyakeni yakamuva, imakethe ekhuphukayo yezindawo zokushaja ugesi zasekhaya iveza isimo semakethe yomthengi ngokuncintisana okushubile.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokushaja zikagesi nayo ishintshile kusukela ekugcineni kokwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni kuya ekupheleni kokusebenza kwekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi imboni yokushaja i-EV yokushaja ingene esigabeni sokushintshwa kwemboni kanye nokuqinisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwakhiwa okuyisisekelo kwephethini yemakethe, abadlali bamanje embonini banamandla ajulile ezobuchwepheshe, uma ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo omusha wenkampani kungenakuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha akuhlangabezani nesidingo semakethe futhi ezinye izinkinga, izoshintshwa ngokushesha yizinkampani zontanga.
Ukufingqa, Ukwanda sekuneminyaka eminingi esebenza ngokujulile emakethe, kunokuncintisana okuqinile, futhi uzama ukwakha imodeli yebhizinisi eyisici.Kodwa-ke, uma ucwaningo nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ingakwazi ukulandelwa ngesikhathi, kusenengozi yokuqedwa, okuphinde kube yi-microcosm yamabhizinisi akhuphukayo kuyo yonke imboni yendawo yokushaja kagesi.
I-TELD igxile kakhulu ekuchazeni kabusha “inethiwekhi yokushaja”, ukukhulula imikhiqizo yesikhulumi sesikhungo samandla esibonakalayo nokwenza imizamo phakathi nochungechunge lwezinqwaba zokushaja, ezinomsele ojulile.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokuncintisana kwemakethe, imakethe ephakathi nendawo iye yakha ibala le-tripod le-TELD New Energy, i-Wanbang Star Charge Technology, igridi yesifunda., nezinga le-TELD kuqala.Kusukela ngo-2022 H1, endaweni yokushaja yomphakathi, isabelo semakethe sezindawo zokushaja ze-DC cishe singama-26%, futhi umthamo wokushaja udlula amadigri ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.6, nesabelo semakethe esingaba ngu-31%, zombili zikleliswe kuqala ezweni.
Isizathu esenza i-TELD iqine ngokuqinile phezulu ohlwini ukuthi ithuthukise inzuzo enkulu ngenqubo yokubeka inethiwekhi yokushaja: inani lezindawo zokushaja zikagesi ezibekwe endaweni ethile zilinganiselwe ngoba ukwakhiwa kwempahla yokushaja. ikhawulelwe indawo kanye nomthamo wegridi yesifunda;ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlelwa kwamaphuzu okushaja kagesi kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu futhi okuhlala njalo, futhi izindleko zokungena embonini ziphezulu kakhulu.Okubili ndawonye kunquma indawo enganyakaziki ye-TELD ekugcineni komsebenzi omaphakathi.
Njengamanje, izindleko zokusebenza zezindawo zokushaja zikagesi ziphezulu, futhi imali yesevisi yokushaja kanye noxhaso lukahulumeni alwanele ukusekela inzuzo yabasebenzisi.Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, izinkampani ezihlobene bezilokhu zihlola izindlela ezintsha zokwenza inzuzo, kodwa i-TELD ithole indlela entsha, yokuphuma emgwaqeni omusha.
U-Yudexiang, usihlalo we-TELD, uthe, “Ngokushaja nokukhipha imoto kagesi, isabalalise amandla amasha, uhlelo lokugcina amandla, umthwalo olungisekayo kanye nezinye izinsiza njengesithwali, ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, 'inethiwekhi yokushaja + igridi encane + isitoreji samandla. network' isiba indikimba entsha eyinhloko yesizinda samandla esibonakalayo, iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. "
Ngokusekelwe kulo mbono, imodeli yebhizinisi ye-TELD ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu: izindleko zokushaja, umthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo yezinkampani ezisebenzayo namuhla, zizothathelwa indawo yizindleko zokuthunyelwa kwezitshalo zamandla abonakalayo ezihlanganisiwe esikhathini esizayo.
Ngo-2022, i-H1, i-TELD ixhunywe kwinani elikhulu le-photovoltaic esatshalaliswa kanye nesitoreji samandla esatshalaliswa, ivula izikhungo zokuthunyelwa kwamandla emadolobheni amaningi, futhi kwakhiwe izitshalo zamandla abonakalayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezisekelwe ezimweni zohlelo lokusebenza olucebile njengokushaja okuhlelekile, kuvaliwe. -ukushaja okuphezulu, ukuthengiswa kwamandla aphezulu, i-micro-grid photovoltaic, isitoreji samandla e-cascade, kanye nokusebenzisana kwenethiwekhi yemoto, ngaleyo ndlela kufezeke ibhizinisi lamandla engeziwe.
Umbiko wezezimali ubonisa ukuthi ingxenye yokuqala yalo nyaka izuze imali engama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.581, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-44.40% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, futhi inzuzo enkulu ikhuphuke ngo-114.93% esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, okubonisa ukuthi lo modeli awugcini nje kuphela. isebenza, kodwa futhi ingafinyelela ukukhula okuhle kwemali engenayo manje.
Njengoba ubona, i-TELD, njengomholi wokuphela komsebenzi, inamandla anamandla.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, incike ezikhungweni zenethiwekhi zokushaja okuphelele kanye nokufinyelela kumasistimu okukhiqiza amandla namandla okugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele, ukuthola imodeli yebhizinisi engcono ngaphambi kwabanye.Nakuba ingenayo inzuzo okwamanje ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, i-TELD izovula ngempumelelo umjikelezo wenzuzo.
Ingabe imboni yeshaja ye-ev isengaletha ukukhula okusha?
Kushaja yasekhaya ye-EV iphethini yokuncintisana yemakethe ekhuphuka nomfula omaphakathi iyalungiswa kancane kancane, ibhizinisi ngalinye leshaja ye-EV lisanweba imakethe ngokuphindaphinda ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukisa nokuya phesheya ukuze lifune izindlela zokwengeza.
Amashaja e-Domestic EV ngokuyinhloko ashaja kancane, futhi isidingo sabasebenzisi sokushajwa kwe-voltage ephezulu kuletha amathuba amasha okukhula.
Ngokwesigaba sobuchwepheshe bokushaja, ingahlukaniswa ngeshaja ye-AC kanye neshaja ye-DC, eyaziwa nangokuthi ishaja ye-EV ehamba kancane kanye neshaja ye-EV esheshayo.Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2022, amashaja e-AC ahlanganisa u-58% futhi amashaja e-DC athatha u-42% wobunikazi beshaja ye-EV yomphakathi e-China.
Esikhathini esidlule, abantu babonakala bekwazi “ukubekezelela” inqubo yokuchitha amahora ukushaja, kodwa kanye nokwanda kohlu lwezimoto zamandla amasha, isikhathi sokushaja siya ngokuya sikhula, ukushaja ukukhathazeka nakho kwaqala ukuvela, futhi isidingo somsebenzisi sokushaja okushesha kwamandla kagesi aphezulu sikhula ngokushesha, okugqugquzela kakhulu ukuvuselelwa kwamashaja ane-voltage ephezulu ye-DC EV.
Ngaphezu kohlangothi lwabasebenzisi, abakhiqizi bezimoto baphinde bakhuthaze ukuhlola nokuthandwa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha, futhi izinkampani eziningi zezimoto zingene esigabeni sokukhiqiza ngobuningi samamodeli epulatifomu yobuchwepheshe obunamandla kagesi angu-800V, ezakha ngenkuthalo ukusekelwa kwazo kwenethiwekhi yokushaja. , eshayela ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kweshaja ye-DC EV enamandla amakhulu.
Ngokwesibikezelo se-Guohai Securities, kucatshangwa ukuthi u-45% wokushaja okusha kwe-ev ev kanye no-55% wokushaja okusha kwe-ev yangasese kuzokwengezwa ngo-2025, u-65% wamashaja e-DC kanye no-35% wamashaja e-AC azokwengezwa ekushajweni komphakathi, futhi inani lentengo elimaphakathi lamashaja e-DC namashaja e-AC kuzoba amayuan angu-50,000 kanye namayuan ayizigidi ezingu-0.3 ngokulandelana, usayizi wemakethe wokushaja kwe-ev uzofinyelela kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-75.5 ngo-2025, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11.3 ngo-2021, ne-CAGR yeminyaka emine efika phezulu. 60.7%, kunendawo yemakethe enkulu.
Enqubweni yasekhaya yokushaja i-high-voltage ev ev ukushaja kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngokugcwele, imakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle yokushaja i-ev nayo ingene emjikelezweni omusha wokwakha okusheshayo.
Izizathu ezinkulu ezenza ukuthi kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kokushaja kwama-ev phesheya kanye namabhizinisi amashaja asekhaya ukuthi aye olwandle yilezi ezilandelayo.
1. I-Europe kanye ne-United States izinga lobunikazi betramu likhula ngokushesha, ev ukushaja njengezindawo ezisekelayo, isidingo sinyukile.
Ngaphambi kwekota yesibili ka-2021, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe zase-Europe kubalele ngaphezu kuka-50% yenani eliphelele lokuthengiswa, kodwa kusukela ngekota yesithathu ka-2021, izinga lokukhula kokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ezihlanzekile eYurophu lenyuke ngokushesha.Ingxenye yezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi emsulwa inyuke isuka ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021 yaya cishe ku-60% engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2022. Ukwenyuka kwenani lezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici kubeke phambili isidingo esiqinile sokushajwa kwe-ev.
Futhi izinga lokungena kwezimoto ezintsha zase-US okwamanje liphansi, kuphela i-4.44%, njengoba izinga lokungena kwezimoto zamandla amasha e-US likhuphuka, izinga lokukhula kobunikazi bezimoto zikagesi ngo-2023 kulindeleke ukuthi lidlule ama-60%, kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele amandla amasha angu-4.73 million. ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ngo-2025, indawo ekhulayo yesikhathi esizayo sikhulu, izinga lokukhula elinjalo liphinde liqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kokushaja kwe-ev.
2. I-Europe ne-United States isilinganiso seshaja yemoto siphezulu kakhulu, imoto ingaphezu kweshaja, kunesidingo esisekelayo esiqinile.
Kusukela ngo-2021, ubunikazi bezimoto zamandla amasha e-Europe buyizigidi ezingu-5.5, ukushaja komphakathi ngu-356,000, isilinganiso seshaja yezimoto zomphakathi siphezulu njengo-15:1;kuyilapho ubunikazi bezimoto zamandla amasha e-US buyi-2 million, ukushaja kwe-public ev kungu-114,000, isilinganiso seshaja yemoto yomphakathi sifinyelele ku-17:1.
Ngemuva kwesilinganiso esiphezulu kangaka seshaja yemoto, isimo esikhona sokushoda okukhulu kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo e-Europe nase-United States, igebe lesidingo esiqinile, liqukethe indawo enkulu yemakethe.
3. Ingxenye yamashaja e-DC kumashaja asesidlangalaleni ase-Europe nawaseMelika iphansi, engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi zokushaja ngokushesha.
Imakethe yaseYurophu iyimakethe yesibili enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni eshaja i-ev ngemuva kweChina, kodwa inqubekelaphambili yokwakhiwa kokushaja kwe-DC e-Europe isesigabeni sokuqala.Ngo-2021, phakathi kwezindleko zomphakathi ezingu-334,000 e-EU, ama-86.83% akhokhiswa kancane futhi u-13.17% ashaja ngokushesha.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Europe, ukwakhiwa kokushaja kwe-DC e-United States kuthuthuke kakhulu, kodwa namanje akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sabasebenzisi sokushaja okusheshayo.Ngo-2021, phakathi kokushaja okungu-114,000 e-United States, ukushaja okunensayo kwenza u-80.70% kanye nokushaja okusheshayo okungu-19.30%.
Ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezimelwe yi-Europe kanye ne-United States, ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo kwenani lama-tram kanye nesilinganiso esiphezulu ngokusobala seshaja yemoto, kunesidingo esiqinile sokusekela ukushaja kwe-ev.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yamashaja e-DC ekushajweni kwe-ev yamanje iphansi kakhulu, okuholela esidingweni esiphindaphindayo sabasebenzisi sokushajwa kwe-ev esheshayo.
Emabhizinisini, ngenxa yokuthi izindinganiso nemithetho yokuhlola izimoto yaseYurophu neyaseMelika iqine kakhulu kunemakethe yaseShayina, ukhiye “wokuhamba olwandle” wesikhathi esifushane ukuthi uthole isitifiketi esijwayelekile;Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma isethi ephelele yenethiwekhi yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa kanye nesevisi ingasungulwa, ingajabulela ngokugcwele inzuzo yokukhula yemakethe yaphesheya kwezilwandle eshajayo.
Bhala ekugcineni
Ukushaja kwe-EV njengemoto yamandla entsha esekela okokusebenza okudingekayo, usayizi wemakethe yemboni namandla okukhula akungabazeki.
Nokho, ngokombono wabasebenzisi, ukushaja kwe-ev kusenzima ukuthola amashaja futhi kuyaphuza ukushaja kusukela ekukhuleni kwesivinini esikhulu ngo-2015 kuze kube manje;futhi amabhizinisi adonsa kanzima onqenqemeni lokulahlekelwa ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokunakekela.
Sikholelwa ukuthi nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokushaja kusabhekene nobunzima obuningi, kodwa ngokuncipha kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, imodeli yebhizinisi eliphakathi nendawo iyavuthwa kancane kancane, futhi amabhizinisi avule indlela eya olwandle, imboni izojabulela izinzuzo nazo. kubonakale.
Ngaleso sikhathi, inkinga yobunzima bokuthola ukushaja kwe-ev kanye nokushaja kancane ngeke kusaba inkinga kubanikazi bamathilamu, futhi imboni yezimoto zamandla amasha nayo izoba sendleleni enempilo yentuthuko.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-11-2023