I. Revolution Revolution of Ferc 2222 & v2g
I-Federal Energy Regnolatory Commission (Ferc) Order 2222, ikhishwe ngo-2020, iguqulwe isatshalaliswe insizakalo yamandla (der) yokubamba iqhaza ezimakethe zikagesi. Lo mthetho ophansi wemithethonqubo igulela izinhlangano zokudlulisela izifunda (i-RTOS) kanye nabasebenza ngohlelo oluzimele (i-ISOS) ukunika ubuchwepheshe bemakethe kubuchwepheshe be-DER aggregators, ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bemoto-to-grid (v2g) ku-wholesalere
- Ngokusho kwemininingwane ye-PJM yokuxhumana, ama-aggregactor we-v2g athole imali engenayo engu- $ 32 / MW WH kusuka ku-Frequency Reguelic Services ngo-2024, emele i-Premium engu-18% ngaphezulu kwezinsizakusebenza ezijwayelekile. Ukuqhuma okusemqoka kufaka:Imibuthalo yamandla asusiwe: Ubuncane bokubamba iqhaza kokuzibandakanya buyekwe kusuka ku-2mw kuya ku-100kw (kusebenza ku-80% amaqoqo we-v2g)
- Ukuhweba Nge-Cross-Node: Kuvumela ukushaja okwenziwe kahle / ukuhambisa amasu okuzungeza izindawo zamanani amaningi
- Ukubhaliswa kobunikazi obumbaxambili: I-EVS ingabhalisa njengoba zombili izinsizakusebenza zomthwalo nezinsizakusebenza
II. Izakhi ezibalulekile zokwabiwa kwemali ye-V2G
1. Imali engenayo yemakethe
• Umthethonqubo wemvamisa (i-FRM): Ama-akhawunti ama-55-70% wenani eliphelele le-V2G, edinga ukucaciswa kwe-± 0.015hz eCaiso Markets
• Amakhredithi Amandla: UNyiso ukhokha u- $ 45 / KW-Lonyaka ngokutholakala kwe-V2G
• I-ArmingRage ye-Energy Arming: Ukutholwa Kwezintengo Zezikhathi Zokusebenzisa Intengo ($ 0.28 / KWh Peak-Valley esakazeka ku-PJM 2024)
2. Izindlela zokwabelwa kwezindleko
3. Amathuluzi Wokulawulwa Kwengozi
• Amalungelo okuhambisa imali (i-FTRS): Khiya imali engenayo
• Izimo zezulu: Ukushintshana Kwebhethri Ukusebenza Kokushintshana Ngesikhathi Sokushisa Okuphezulu
• Izinkontileka zeBlockchain smart: Vumela ukukhokhelwa kwesikhathi sangempela ezimakethe ze-ERTOT
III. Ukuqhathanisa amamodeli wemali engenayo
Imodeli 1: Ukuhlukaniswa okuhleliwe
• Isimo: Ukuqalisa / Ama-Fleet opharetha
• Ukufundwa kwamacala: I-Electrify America ne-Amazon Logistics (85/15 opharetha / umnikazi uhlukanisa)
• Ukukhawulelwa: akunangqondo ekuguqukeni kwamanani entengo yemakethe
Model 2: Ukwabiwa Okunamandla
• Ifomula:
Imali engenayo = α × intengo yendawo yamanani + Β• Inzuzo: Iyadingeka kuMxhaso Wezinhlelo Ze-Nevi
Imodeli 3: Imodeli esekwe e-Equity
• Izinto ezintsha:
• Izitifiketi zokushaja imali yeFord Pro
• 0.0015% ukulingana kwephrojekthi nge-MWh Phick
IV. Izinselelo Zokuhambisana Nezixazululo
1. Izidingo Zokucaciswa Kwedatha
• Umhlangano wangempela we-telemetry umhlangano we-nerc CIP-014 amazinga (≥0.2hz Sampling)
• Imizila yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku esebenzisa izixazululo ze-blockchain ezivunyiwe
2. Ukuvimbela Ukukhonjwa Kwemakethe
• Ama-algorithms alwa nama-anti-geza amaphethini angajwayelekile
• Imikhawulo ye-200mw ephezulu nge-aggregator ngayinye eNyiso
3. Izivumelwano zomsebenzisi ezibalulekile
• Ukukhishwa kwewaranti yebhethri (> Imijikelezo yonyaka engama-300)
• Amalungelo okukhipha okuphoqelekile ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo (ukuthobela okuqondene nohulumeni)
V. Izifundo Zezimboni Zemboni
I-Case 1: Iphrojekthi Yesifunda Sesikole SaseCalifornia
• Ukucushwa: Amabhasi kagesi angama-50 (i-Lion Electric) ngesitoreji se-6MWh
• Imifudlana yemali engenayo:
I-82% I-Frequency Retroenctional Regulation
Izikhuthazo ze-13% sgip
I-5% Utility Bill Savings
• Hlukanisa: 70% opharetha wesifunda / 30%
I-Case 2: I-Tesla Virtual Power Plant 3.0
• Izinto ezintsha:
I-Aggregates PowerWall & EV amabhethri
ο Ukulondolozwa kwesitoreji esinamandla (7: 3 Isilinganiso Sekhaya / Vehicle)
Ukusebenza kwe-2024: $ 1,280 Imali etholwa yonyaka / yomsebenzisi
VI. Izitayela Ezizayo Nezibikezelo
Izindinganiso Zokuziphendukela Kwemvelo:
I-SAE J3072 Thuthukisa (500KW + Bidirectional Charging)
Iee 1547-2028 amaphrothokholi wokucindezela we-harmonic
Ukuqanjwa Kwemodeli Yebhizinisi:
Izaphulelo Zomshuwalense Ezisuselwa Esangweni (umshayeli oqhubekayo)
I-Carbon Manetization (0.15t Co2E / MWH ngaphansi kwe-WCI)
Ukuthuthuka Okulawulayo:
Iziteshi zokuhlala ze-FCG ezigunyaziwe ze-FRCG (2026 kulindeleke)
UNerc PRC-026-3 CYberLECRECURY Uhlaka
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-12-2025