Njengoba ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke emnothweni ophansi wekhabhoni namandla aluhlaza kuyashesha, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bumandla obuvuselelekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kube nokukhathazeka okwandayo ngokulinganiselwa kwegridi yamandla endabuko ngokuya ngomthelela wezemvelo namandla okuhambisa amandla. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekile be-microgid kuzinhlelo zokushaja, hhayi kuphela ukuncika kumafutha fossil kuncishiswe, kodwa futhi nokuqina kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwamandla lungathuthukiswa. Leli phepha lihlola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlanganisa ukuthutha okuthunyelwe ngama-microgrids avuselelekayo kusuka ekubukeni okuningana: Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwezobuchwepheshe, Ukuxhaswa Kwezinkampani Zokuxhasa Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bokunciphisa Ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ekushajaneni kwasekhaya
Ngokunyuka kwezimoto zikagesi (evs),Ukushaja kwasekhayaube yingxenye ebalulekile yabasebenzisi bansuku zonke izimpilo zabo. Kodwa-ke, ukushaja kwendabuko kwendabuko kuvame ukuthembela kugesi wegridi, okuvame ukuhlanganisa imithombo yamafutha e-fossil, kunciphisa izinzuzo zemvelo ze-EVS. Ukwenza ukushaja kwasekhaya okuzinzile ngokwengeziwe, abasebenzisi bangahlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo ezinhlelweni zabo. Isibonelo, ukufaka amaphaneli elanga noma ama-turbines amancane omoya ekhaya anganikeza amandla ahlanzekile ngokushaja ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuthembela kumandla ajwayelekile. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), isizukulwane se-Global Solar Photovoltaic sakhula ngo-22% ngo-2022, sigqamisa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukunciphisa izindleko futhi kukhuthaze le modeli, abasebenzisi bayakhuthazeka ukuthi basebenzisane nabakhiqizi bezephulelo ezihlanganisiwe kanye nezaphulelo zokufaka. Ukucwaninga okuvela kuLaboratory Energy Cool enamandla ka-US Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli elanga angagcina amandla wesikhathi sawonyaka wesikhathi sokushaja, ukuthuthukisa amandla amandla. Le ndlela ayihlali nje kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwamafutha e-fossil kodwa futhi igcina abasebenzisi ngezindleko zesikhathi eside zikagesi.
Ukuvuselelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kweziteshi zokushaja komphakathi
Iziteshi zokushaja komphakathizibalulekile kubasebenzisi be-eV, futhi amakhono abo kwezobuchwepheshe anomthelela ngqo isipiliyoni kanye nemiphumela yezemvelo. Ukuqinisa ukusebenza kahle, kunconywe ukuthi iziteshi zivuselelwa ezinhlelweni zamandla ezigaba ezintathu ukusekela ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo. Ngamazinga wamandla aseYurophu, izinhlelo zesigaba ezintathu ziletha umphumela ophakeme wamandla kunesigaba esisodwa, ukusika izikhathi zokushaja kungaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30, kuthuthukisa kakhulu lula umsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi kuphela akwanele ukuqina kwamandla nokuvuselelwa kwamandla nokugcina izixazululo.
I-Solar and Wind Energy ilungele iziteshi zokushaja komphakathi. Ukufaka amaphaneli elanga eziteshini zophahla noma ukubeka ama-turbines womoya eduze kunganikeza amandla ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Ukungeza amabhethri wokugcina amandla avumela amandla onke wesikhathi sosuku ukuze alondolozwe isikhathi sasebusuku noma ukusetshenziswa kwehora eliphakeme. I-BloomberbNEF ibika ukuthi izindleko zebhethri zebhethri ezigcina ziye zaphonsa cishe ama-90% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, manje ngezansi kwama- $ 150 ngehora le-kilowatt okungenzeka. ECalifornia, ezinye iziteshi ziye zamukele le modeli, zinciphisa ukuthembeka kwegridi futhi zisekela igridi ngesikhathi sesifuba esiphakeme, ukufeza ukufakwa kwamandla kwe-bitirectional.
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile
Ngaphandle kwelanga nomoya, ukushaja i-EV kungathinta eminye imithombo yamandla yokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene. I-Biofuels, inketho yekhabhoni-nethal ethathwe ezitshalweni noma ezingozini ze-organic, zisuse iziteshi ezifunwa ngamandla. UMnyango Wezendlalelo Wamandla wase-US ukhombisa ukukhishwa kwe-biofuels 'Lifeccycle carbon ukuphuma kungaphezulu kwama-50% aphansi kunamafutha amancane, nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza abavuthiwe. I-Micro-hydropower ifanela izindawo eziseduzane nemifula noma imifudlana; Yize isikali esincane, sinikeza amandla aqinile eziteshini ezincane.
Amaseli kaphethiloli we-Hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe bokuphuma kwe-zero, bathola ukugcwala. Bakhipha ugesi nge-hydrogen-oxygen ukuphendula, ukufeza amandla angaphezu kuka-60% adlula ama-25% -30% wezinjini zendabuko. Umkhandlu wamazwe omhlaba weHydrogen Energy uphawula ukuthi, ngaphezu kokungenisa ama-eco-friendly, amaseli we-hydrogen Fuel ama-Refueel afanela ama-EVS anesindayo-enzalo noma iziteshi eziphakeme. Amaphrojekthi we-European Pilot ahlanganise ama-hydrogen eziteshini zokushaja, ukusayina amathuba awo kuma-manzi okuxubile. Izinketho zamandla ahlukahlukene zithuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomkhakha ezimeni ezihlukene nezimo zezulu.
I-GRID Supplementation kanye namasu wokunciphisa ubungozi
Ezifundeni ezinomkhawulo wegridi noma ubungozi obukhulu obukhulu, ukuncika kuphela kugridi kungadangala. Amandla we-Off-Grid Amandla nezinhlelo zokugcina anikeza izithasiselo ezibucayi. Ukusetha kwe-Off-Grid, kunikwe amandla yi-standalone solar noma amayunithi womoya, qinisekisa ukushaja okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuphuma. Idatha yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwezitoreji kwamandla okusakazeka kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwegridi ngo-20% -30% ngenkathi kukhulisa ukwethenjwa.
Uxhaso lukahulumeni lubhangqiwe ngokutshalwa kwemali okuyimfihlo kubalulekile kuleli qhinga. Isibonelo, amakhredithi wentela e-US anikela nge-30% yezindleko zezindleko zokugcina kanye namaphrojekthi avuselelekayo, anciphise imithwalo yokuqala yokutshala imali. Ngokwengeziwe, izinhlelo zokugcina zingandisa izindleko ngokugcina amandla lapho amanani ephansi bese ekhulula ngesikhathi esiphezulu. Lokhu kuphatha ama-Smart Energy Management Bustement ascience futhi kuhambisa izinzuzo zezomnotho zokusebenza kwesiteshi sesikhathi eside.
Ukusebenzisana Kwezimboni kanye nobuchwepheshe obuzayo
Ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kokushaja ngama-microgrids avuselelekayo kudinga ngaphezu kokusebenzisana kwemboni kubalulekile. Izinkampani ezikhokhisa kufanele zihlanganyele nabahlinzeki bamandla, abenzi bemishini, kanye nezinhlaka zokucwaninga ukuthuthukisa izixazululo zomaphakathi. Izinhlelo ze-Whind-Solar Hybrid, zifaka isimo somabili imithombo yomibili, qinisekisa amandla ayindilinga amawashi. Iphrojekthi ye-Europe "Horizon 2020" iyisibonelo esibonisa lokhu, ihlanganisa umoya, ilanga, kanye nokugcinwa kwi-microgid esebenza kahle kweziteshi zokushaja.
Ubuchwepheshe begridi be-Smart bunikeza amanye amandla. Ngokuqapha kanye nokuhlaziya idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, kusiza ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kweziteshi kanye negridi. Abashayeli bezindiza baseMelika bakhombisa ama-smart grids bangasika imfucumfucu yamandla ngo-15% -20% ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi. Lokhu kuhlangana kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuzinzile futhi kuthuthukise okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-28-2025