Njengoba inguquko yomhlaba wonke eya emnothweni wekhabhoni ephansi namandla aluhlaza ikhula ngesivinini, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke bakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezindawo zokushaja izimoto zikagesi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kuye kwaba nokukhathazeka okwandayo mayelana nemikhawulo yegridi yamandla evamile ngokomthelela wendawo kanye nokuzinza kokunikezwa kukagesi. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-microgrid obuvuselelekayo ezinhlelweni zokushaja, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kungancishiswa, kodwa futhi nokuqina nokusebenza kahle kwalo lonke uhlelo lwamandla kungathuthukiswa. Leli phepha lihlola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlanganisa okuthunyelwe kokushaja okunama-microgrid avuselelekayo ngokwemibono eminingana: ukuhlanganiswa kokushaja kwasekhaya, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besiteshi sokushaja esisesidlangalaleni, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla ahlukahlukene, ukusekelwa kwegridi kanye namasu okunciphisa ubungozi, nokusebenzisana kwemboni kobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo Ekushajweni Kwasekhaya
Ngokukhuphuka kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs),Ukushaja kwasekhayaisibe yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabasebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ukushaja okujwayelekile kwasekhaya kuvame ukuncika kugesi wegridi, ovame ukufaka imithombo yamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, okukhawulela izinzuzo zemvelo zama-EV. Ukwenza ukushaja kwasekhaya kuqhubeke, abasebenzisi bangahlanganisa amandla avuselelekayo kumasistimu abo. Isibonelo, ukufaka amaphaneli elanga noma izinjini zomoya ezincane ekhaya kunganikeza amandla ahlanzekile okushaja kuyilapho kunciphisa ukuthembela emandleni avamile. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), ukukhiqizwa kwe-solar photovoltaic yomhlaba wonke kukhule ngama-22% ngo-2022, okugqamisa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko nokuphromotha le modeli, abasebenzisi bakhuthazwa ukuthi basebenzisane nabakhiqizi ukuze bathole izaphulelo ezihlanganisiwe nezaphulelo zokufakwa. Ucwaningo oluvela e-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) lubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa amasistimu elanga asekhaya ekushajweni kwe-EV kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngo-30% -50%, kuye ngengxube yamandla egridi yendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli elanga angagcina amandla engeziwe emini ukuze ashaje ebusuku, athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Le ndlela yokuphatha ayinciphisi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi kodwa futhi yonga abasebenzisi ezindlekweni zikagesi zesikhathi eside.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kweziteshi Zokushaja Zomphakathi
Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathizibalulekile kubasebenzisi be-EV, futhi amandla abo obuchwepheshe athinta ngokuqondile umuzwa wokushaja kanye nemiphumela yemvelo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle, kunconywa ukuthi iziteshi zithuthukele kumasistimu kagesi ezigaba ezintathu ukuze zisekele ubuchwepheshe bokushaja ngokushesha. Ngokwezindinganiso zamandla zaseYurophu, amasistimu ezigaba ezintathu aletha amandla aphezulu kunalawo esigaba esisodwa, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokushaja zibe ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenziseka kalula komsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi kukodwa akwanele ukuze kusimame—amandla avuselelekayo nezisombululo zokulondoloza kufanele kwethulwe.
Amandla elanga nawomoya alungele iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi. Ukufaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwesiteshi noma ukubeka izinjini zomoya eduze kunganikeza amandla ahlanzekile angashintshi. Ukwengeza amabhethri okugcina amandla kuvumela amandla engeziwe emini ukuthi agcinelwe ukusetshenziswa ebusuku noma ihora eliphakeme kakhulu. I-BloombergNEF ibika ukuthi izindleko zebhethri zokugcina amandla zehle cishe ngo-90% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, manje ngaphansi kuka-$150 nge-kilowatt-hora, okwenza ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri okukhulu kwenzeke ngokomnotho. E-California, ezinye iziteshi zamukele le modeli, zehlisa ukuthembela kwegridi ngisho nokusekela igridi ngesikhathi sokufunwa okuphezulu, ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili.
I-Diversified Alternative Energy Applications
Ngale kwelanga nomoya, ukushaja kwe-EV kungangena kweminye imithombo yamandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-biofuels, inketho ye-carbon-neutral etholakala ezitshalweni noma kudoti wemvelo, ifanela iziteshi ezidinga amandla aphezulu. Idatha yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ikhombisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yomjikelezo wempilo we-biofuels kungaphansi ngo-50% kunamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuvuthiwe. Amandla kagesi amancane alingana nezindawo eziseduze nemifula noma imifudlana; nakuba incane, inikeza amandla azinzile eziteshini ezincane.
Amaseli kaphethiloli we-Hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe obukhipha i-zero, athola amandla. Bakhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen-oxygen reactions, bazuze ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-60%—okudlula kude ama-25% -30% ezinjini zendabuko. I-International Hydrogen Energy Council iphawula ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuvumela imvelo, ukufaka uphethiloli okusheshayo kwe-hydrogen fuel cell kufanela ama-EV asebenza kanzima noma iziteshi ezihamba phambili. Amaphrojekthi okulinga ase-Europe ahlanganise i-hydrogen eziteshini zokushaja, okubonisa amandla ayo ezixubeni zamandla zesikhathi esizayo. Izinketho zamandla ahlukahlukene zithuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwemboni ezimweni ezihlukene zendawo kanye nesimo sezulu.
Ukwengezwa Kwegridi kanye Namasu Okunciphisa Ubungozi
Ezifundeni ezinomthamo wegridi elinganiselwe noma ubungozi obukhulu bokucinywa, ukuthembela kugridi kuphela kungantenga. Amandla angaphandle kwegridi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina zinikeza izithasiselo ezibalulekile. Ukusethwa kwe-off-grid, anikwa amandla yi-solar ezimele noma amayunithi omoya, aqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokushaja ngesikhathi sokucima. Idatha yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ikhombisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo yonke yokugcina amandla kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kwegridi ngo-20% -30% kuyilapho kukhulisa ukuthembeka kokunikezwa.
Izibonelelo zikahulumeni ezihambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese zibalulekile kulelisu. Isibonelo, amakhredithi entela yombuso wase-US anikela ngokukhululeka kwezindleko ezingafika ku-30% zokulondoloza kanye namaphrojekthi avuselelekayo, okuphungula imithwalo yokuqala yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukwengeza, amasistimu okugcina angakwazi ukwandisa izindleko ngokugcina amandla lapho amanani ephansi futhi ewakhulula phakathi neziqongo. Lokhu kuphathwa kwamandla okukhaliphile kuqinisa ukuqina futhi kulethe izinzuzo zezomnotho ekusebenzeni kwesiteshi isikhathi eside.
Ukusebenzisana Kwemboni kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bekusasa
Ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kokushaja ngama-microgrid avuselelekayo kudinga okungaphezu kokusungula izinto ezintsha—ukubambisana komkhakha kubalulekile. Izinkampani ezishajayo kufanele zibambisane nabahlinzeki bamandla, abenzi bemishini, kanye nezinhlangano zocwaningo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Amasistimu we-hybrid solar, asebenzisa imvelo ehambisanayo yayo yomibili imithombo, aqinisekisa amandla ahamba newashi. Iphrojekthi yase-Europe ethi “Horizon 2020” iyisibonelo salokhu, ukuhlanganisa umoya, ilanga, nesitoreji ku-microgrid esebenza kahle yeziteshi zokushaja.
Ubuchwepheshe begridi ehlakaniphile bunikeza amanye amathuba. Ngokuqapha nokuhlaziya idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ithuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla phakathi kweziteshi negridi. Abashayeli bezindiza base-US babonisa amagridi ahlakaniphile anganciphisa ukumosheka kwamandla ngo-15% -20% kuyilapho ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesiteshi. Lokhu kubambisana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuthuthukisa ukuncintisana okuzinzile futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi lwabasebenzisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-28-2025