Njengoba ukukhula kwamadolobha kudlondlobala futhi nezidingo zemvelo zikhula,amabhasi kamasipalazishintshela ngokushesha emandleni kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi kanye nesikhathi sokushaja samabhasi kagesi sekuyisikhathi eside izinselele zokusebenza.Ithuba lokushajainikeza isixazululo esisha ngokunika amandla ukushaja okusheshayo phakathi nokuma kafushane—njengasezindaweni zokugcina zemizila noma eziteshini ezinkulu—ukunweba ububanzi nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumabhethri amakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency's (IEA)I-Global EV Outlook 2023, Ukushaja okuphezuluubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni. Ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi ishayela ezokuthutha zomphakathi eziluhlaza.
Ngokungafani nokushaja okujwayelekile kwasebusuku, okudinga amabhethri amakhulu akhuphula izindleko futhi akhawulele ukuguquguquka,Ukushaja usohambeniisebenzisa ukuqhuma okuvamisile, okufushane kwamandla ukugcina amabhethri amancane, akongayo asebenza usuku lonke. Le ndlela izuza amandla emadolobheni aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, njengaseSweden, UK, naseJalimane.
1. Uhlolojikelele lwe-Opportunity Charging Technology
Enhliziyweni yeUkushaja okungajwayelekilekuyintoUbuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo. Isebenzisa okokusebenza okunamandla amakhulu ukuletha amandla amakhulu kumabhethri ebhasi ngesikhathi esifushane. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka:
• Amashaja Asheshayo e-DC: Kusukela ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW, lezi zingashaja ibhasi ngemizuzu engu-10-15, elungele ukuma kafushane.
• Amasistimu wokushaja we-Pantograph: Ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kophahla lwebhasi nengqalasizinda yesiteshi, esetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu.
Ngokusho kwe-BloombergNEF'sUmbiko Wengqalasizinda Yokushaja Imoto Kagesi, ngaphezu kuka-5,000 izinhlelo zezokuthutha zasemadolobheni zamukelwa emhlabeni jikeleleUkushaja okusheshayokusukela ngo-2023, iYurophu neNyakatho Melika zihamba phambili.
2. Amasu Okusebenzisa Ukushaja Ithuba
Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kweUkushaja okukhohlisayokudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Amasu abalulekile afaka:
• Ukubekwa kwesiteshi sokushaja: Beka kuqala izindawo zokugcina zemizila, amahabhu amakhulu, noma izitobhi ezinezikhathi ezinde zokuhlala. Iziteshi zethrafikhi ephezulu zinciphisa isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula.
• Ukuphatha Isikhathi Sokushaja: Sebenzisa ukuhlela okuhlakaniphile ukuze uqondanise ukushaja nezidingo zokusebenza, ugweme ukubambezeleka.
• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwengqalasizinda: Xhuma iziteshi zokushaja kugridi kanye ne-Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) ukuze uthole amandla azinzile nokuqapha okukude.
• I-Modular Design: Faka ingqalasizinda enwebekayo ukuze ulungise umthamo njengoba umkhumbi ukhula.
E-Gothenburg, e-Sweden, iziteshi zokushaja njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5 zehlise izidingo zikasayizi webhethri ngo-40%, okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza—imodeli yamanye amadolobha.
3. Izinzuzo Zezomnotho Nezemvelo
Ukushaja okungajwayelekileinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile:
• Izindleko Zebhethri Eziphansi: Amabhethri amancane anciphisa izindleko zokuthenga ngokufika ku-30%, ngokwe-US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
• Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni Eyehlisiwe: Amabhasi kagesi asevele enqamule ukukhishwa kwegesi, futhiUkushaja ngezikhathi ezithileithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuqhubekayo. I-European Environment Agency (EEA) ibika ukuthi amabhasi kagesi ane-50% ephansi yokukhipha umjikelezo wempilo kunodizili.
• Ukusebenza Kwegridi: Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile ngesikhathi samahora okungasebenzi kakhulu kwehlisa izindleko futhi kunciphisa ubunzima begridi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri amancane abekezelela ukuguga okuncane okuvela ekukhishweni okujulile, andisa ubude bawo bempilo futhi ehlise nezindleko zokunakekela.
4. Izibonelo: Ukushaja Ithuba eLondon naseBerlin
I-Transit System yaseLondon
I-TfL yaseLondon, enye yamanethiwekhi amakhulu eYurophu, isebenzisaUkushaja isikhathi esingenzi luthoemizileni eminingi:
• Ubuchwepheshe: Amasistimu e-Pantograph anika amandla ukushaja okusheshayo ezitobhini.
• Imiphumela: Ishaja engu-80% ngemizuzu engu-15, inweba ibanga ifike ngaphezu kuka-100 km futhi ikhulise ukusebenza kahle ngo-20%.
Umthelela Wezemvelo: Le phrojekthi inciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamathani ayi-7,000 ngonyaka, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Smart Grid yaseBerlin
Isistimu yezokuthutha yase-Berlin isebenzisana nezinsiza ukuze ihlanganiseUkushaja okungosomathubangamagridi ahlakaniphile:
• Indlela: Amashaja asheshayo ezitobhini eziyinhloko, abhangqwe nesitoreji samandla ukuze kulinganiswe umthwalo wegridi.
• Imiphumela: Ukucindezelwa kwegridi kwehliswe ngo-30%, futhi izindleko zokusebenza zehle ngo-15% ngenxa yokushaja okungaphezu kwesiqongo.
• Isifundo: Ukusebenzisana kwemikhakha ehlukene kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo.
5. Izinselelo Nezixazululo Emathubeni Ukushaja
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo, izinselele zisekhona:
• Izindleko Eziphezulu Zengqalasizinda: Ukwakha iziteshi zamandla aphezulu kanye nokuthuthukisa amagridi kuyabiza.
• I-Grid Load Stress: Ukushaja kanyekanye kungacindezela amagridi endawo.
• Izinkinga zokuhambisana: Amamodeli webhasi namazinga ahlukahlukene enza kube nzima ukuthunyelwa.
• Izingqinamba zesikhala: Ukuthola izindawo ezifanele emadolobheni aminyene kunzima.
Izixazululo zifaka:
• Ukusekelwa Kwenqubomgomo: Izibonelelo zikahulumeni noma amabhondi aluhlaza ukuze kuxhaswe imali.
• I-Smart Grid Tech: Funa impendulo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ukuze ulinganise imithwalo.
• Ukulinganisa: Amaphrothokholi ahlanganisiwe wokushaja ukuze ahambisane.
• Ukuthunyelwa Okuvumelana nezimo: Amashaja ahambayo noma ahlangene ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wesikhala.
6. I-Linkpower Advantage: Izixazululo Zochwepheshe Zokushaja I-Fleet
Njengabaholi ekufakweni kukagesi wezokuthutha zomphakathi, sinikeza olungiselelweukushaja ithubaizixazululo zeibhasi likamasipalaimikhumbi. Amandla ethu afaka:
• Ubuchwepheshe Obuthuthukile: Ukusuka kumashaja asheshayo anamandla aphansi ukuya kwaphezulu namasistimu e-pantograph.
• I-Smart Management Platform: Ukuhlela okusekelwe efwini, ukuqapha, nezibalo.
• Ukusekelwa Kwenkonzo Egcwele: Kusukela ekuhleleni kuya ekulungiseni, siqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okungenazihibe.
• Imiklamo Yangokwezifiso: Izixazululo eziklanyelwe usayizi wedolobha, imizila, nezidingo zemikhumbi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubashayeli bezindiza abancane noma amanethiwekhi amakhulu, sinikeza ukusekelwa okuthembekile kokusebenza okuluhlaza, okuphumelelayo.
Qala Uhambo Lwakho Oluya Emisebenzini Ephumelelayo Yebhasi Kamasipala Kamasipala
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-27-2025