Njengoba ukufuduka komhlaba jikelele kuyashesha futhi izimfuno zezemvelo zikhula,Amabhasi kaMasipalaziguqukela ngokushesha amandla kagesi. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi kanye nesikhathi sokushaja samabhasi kagesi sekuyisikhathi eside bekuyizinselelo zokusebenza.Ukushaja IthubaInikeza isixazululo esisha ngokunika amandla ukushaja okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuma isikhashana - njengeziteshi zemizila noma iziteshi ezinkulu - ukwandisa ububanzi kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kumabhethri amakhulu. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency's (IEA)Global Ec Outlook 2023, Ukushaja okuphezuluubuchwepheshe obuhle bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-Urban Transing. Akugcini ngokukwenza kahle imisebenzi kodwa futhi kuqhuba izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi eziluhlaza.
Ngokungafani nokushaja okwenzeka ebusuku, okudinga amabhethri amakhulu akhulisa izindleko futhi anciphise ukuguquguquka,Ukushaja kokuhambaIsebenzisa iziqhumane ezijwayelekile, ezimfushane zamandla ukugcina amabhethri amancane, amabhethri amaningi anomnotho asebenza usuku lonke. Le ndlela ithola ukugcwala emadolobheni aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, njengaseSweden, e-UK naseJalimane.
1. Sibutsetelo Sokuthola Ithuba Lokushaja Ubuchwepheshe
Enhliziyweni yeUkushaja okungatheniIsUbuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo. Isebenzisa imishini ephezulu yamandla ukuletha amandla amakhulu kumabhethri ebhasi esikhathini esifushane. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka:
• Amashaja asheshayo we-DC: Kusukela kusuka ku-50 KW kuya ku-350 kW, lokhu kungakhokhisa ibhasi ngemizuzu engu-10-16, elungele izitobha ezimfushane.
• Amasistimu wokushaja wePantograph: Ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kophahla lwebhasi kanye nengqalasizinda yesiteshi, esetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu.
Ngokusho kukaBloombergnef'sUmbiko Wezingqalasizinda Zezimoto Zogesi, ngaphezu kwama-5,000 ama-Urban Transit SystemS emhlabeni wonke amukeleUkushaja okusheshayokusukela ngo-2023, neYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ehola indlela.
2. Amasu wokusebenzisa ukushaja kwethuba
Ukuqaliswa ngempumelelo kweUkushaja okukhohlisayokudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Amasu asemqoka afaka:
• Ukubekwa kwesiteshi sokushaja: Phambili ama-empopoints emizila, ama-rub amakhulu, noma ame ngezikhathi ezinde zokuhlala. Iziteshi eziphezulu zethrafikhi zinciphisa isikhathi esengeziwe.
• Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi sokushaja: Sebenzisa ukuhlela okuhle ukuvumelanisa ukushaja ngezidingo zokusebenza, ukugwema ukubambezeleka.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwengqalasizinda: Xhuma iziteshi zokushaja kugridi nezinhlelo zokuhamba ezihlakaniphile (zayo) zamandla azinzile nokuqapha okukude.
• I-Modular Design: Faka ingqalasizinda enokalisiwe ukuze ulungiselele umthamo njengoba imikhumbi ikhula.
EGothenburg, eSweden, iziteshi zokushaja njalo amakhilomitha ayi-5 anciphise izidingo zebhethri usayizi ngo-40%, ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka okusebenzayo - imodeli yamanye amadolobha.
3. Izinzuzo zezomnotho nezemvelo
Ukushaja okungatheniInikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile:
• Izindleko eziphansi zebhethri: Amabhethri amancane anciphisa izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla nge-30%, ngelebhu yamandla kazwelonke evuselelekayo ka-US (Nrel).
• Kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni: Amabhasi kagesi asevele asika ukuphuma, futhiUkushaja okwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithileKhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokuqhubekayo. I-European Environmental Agency Agency Agency (EEA) ibika amabhasi kagesi anokukhishwa okungu-50% okuphansi kokukhipha umsindo kunodizili.
• ukusebenza kahle kwegridi: Ukushaja okuhle ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwamahora aphansi kwehlisa izindleko futhi kunciphise ubunzima begridi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri amancane akhuthazelela ukugqokwa okuncane kusuka ekulahlekelweni okujulile, ukunweba impilo yabo yonke kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungiswa.
I-4. Izifundo zamacala: Ukushaja amathuba eLondon naseBerlin
Uhlelo lokuhamba lukaLondon
I-TFL yaseLondon, elinye lamanethiwekhi amakhulu aseYurophu, asebenzisaUkushaja isikhathiemizileni eminingi:
• Ubuchwepheshe: Amasistimu wePantograph anika amandla ukushaja okusheshayo ezitobhini.
• Imiphumela: 80% ukushaja ngemizuzu engu-15, ukunwebisa ibanga elingamakhilomitha angaphezu kwe-100 nokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngo-20%.
Umthelela wezemvelo: Iphrojekthi isusa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni ngamathani angama-7,000 ngonyaka, ngcono ikhwalithi yomoya.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Smart Grid ehlakaniphile kaBerlin
Abalingani be-Berlin's Transit System ngezinsiza zokuhlanganisaUkushaja okunamathubangama-grids ahlakaniphile:
• Sondela: Amashaja asheshayo ezitobhini ezibalulekile, abhangqwe ngesitoreji samandla ukuze alinganise umthwalo wegridi.
• Imiphumela: Ukucindezelwa kwegridi kuncishiswe ngama-30%, futhi izindleko zokusebenza zehliselwe ngo-15% ngenxa yokushaja okuphezulu.
• isifundo: Ukusebenzisana komkhakha wesiphambano kubalulekile empumelelweni.
I-5. Izinselelo nezixazululo ekushajaleni amathuba
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zawo, izinselelo zihlala:
• Izindleko eziphezulu zengqalasizinda: Ukwakha iziteshi ezinamandla amakhulu kanye namagridi okuthuthukisa ayabiza.
• Ukuxineka kwegridi yokulayisha: Ukushaja ngasikhathi sinye kungadonsa amagridi endawo.
• Izinkinga zokuhambisana: Amamodeli webhasi ahlukahlukene namazinga avumelanayo ukuthunyelwa.
• Izingqinamba zesikhala: Ukuthola izindawo ezifanele emadolobheni aminyene anzima.
Izixazululo zifaka:
• ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo: Uxhaso lukahulumeni noma izibopho eziluhlaza zokwenza imali.
• I-Smart Grid Tech: Ukufuna impendulo kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kulayishe.
• Ukulinganisa: Amaphrothokholi ahlanganisiwe wokushaja ukuze uhambisane.
• Ukuhanjiswa okuguquguqukayo: Amashaja weselula noma ahlanganisiwe ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo wesikhala.
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Njengabaholi ekukhiqizweni komphakathi komphakathi, sinikela ngensimbiUkushaja Ithubaizixazululo zeIbhasi likamasipalaamakhathi. Amandla ethu afaka:
• Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe: Ukusuka ophansi kuya kuma-high-Power ama-Fast Charger nama-Pedography Systems.
• Ipulatifomu yokuphatha ye-Smart: Ukuhlelwa okusekwe emafu, ukuqapha, kanye nokuhlaziya.
• Ukuxhaswa okugcwele kwensiza: Ukusuka ekuhleleni ukuze kulungiswe, siqinisekisa ukuqaliswa komthungo.
• Imiklamo ngokwezifiso: Izixazululo ezihambelana nosayizi wedolobha, imizila, nezidingo zeFleet.
Noma ngabe kubashayeli bezindiza abancane noma amanethiwekhi amakhulu, sinikeza ukusekelwa okuthembekile kokusebenza okuluhlaza okwenziwe kahle.
Qala uhambo lwakho ekusebenzeni kwebhasi kamasipala olusebenzayo, oluhlaza
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-27-2025