Ngokwamukelwa ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs), ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo sekuyinto okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu embonini. Okwamanje,I-SAE J1772futhiI-CCS (Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe)zingamazinga amabili okushaja asetshenziswa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuqhathanisa okujulile kwalawa mazinga, ukuhlaziya izinhlobo zawo zokushaja, ukuhambisana, izimo zokusetshenziswa, namathrendi wesikhathi esizayo ukusiza abasebenzisi bakhethe isixazululo esilungile sokushaja sezidingo zabo.
1. Yini Ukushaja kwe-CCS?
I-CCS (Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe)iyindinganiso yokushaja ye-EV enemisebenzi eminingi esetshenziswa kabanzi eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Isekela kokubiliI-AC (Alternating Current)futhiI-DC (Direct Current)ukushaja ngesixhumi esisodwa, enikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kubasebenzisi. Isixhumi se-CCS sihlanganisa izikhonkwane zokushaja ze-AC ezijwayelekile (njenge-J1772 eNyakatho Melika noma Uhlobo 2 e-Europe) namaphinikhodi e-DC amabili engeziwe, okuvumela kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC okunensayo nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ngembobo efanayo.
Izinzuzo ze-CCS:
• Ukushaja Okunemisebenzi eminingi:Isekela kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC, kulungele ukushaja kwasekhaya nokwasesidlangalaleni.
• Ukushaja Ngokushesha:Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kungashaja ibhethri libe ngu-80% ngaphansi kwamaminithi angu-30, kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushaja.
• Ukutholwa Okubanzi:Kuthathwe abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu futhi bahlanganiswe nenani elandayo leziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi.
Ngokusho kwe-European Automobile Manufacturers 'Association (ACEA), kusukela ngo-2024, ngaphezu kuka-70% weziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi eYurophu zisekela i-CCS, efinyelela ku-90% emazweni afana neJalimane, i-France, ne-Netherlands. Ukwengeza, idatha evela kuMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE) ibonisa ukuthi i-CCS ithatha ngaphezu kuka-60% wamanethiwekhi okushaja omphakathi eNyakatho Melika, okuyenza ibe izinga elincanyelwayo lomgwaqo onguthelawayeka nohambo olude.
2. Yiziphi Izimoto Ezisekela Ukushaja kwe-CCS?
I-CCSisibe yizinga elibusayo lokushaja ngokushesha eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, lisekelwa izimoto ezifana nalezi:
•I-ID yeVolkswagen.4
• I-BMW i4 ne-iX series
• Ford Mustang Mach-E
• I-Hyundai Ioniq 5
• Kia EV6
Lezi zimoto zihambisana namanethiwekhi amaningi wokushaja anesivinini esikhulu, ahlinzeka ngolwazi olulula lokuhamba amabanga amade.
Ngokusho kwe-European Association for Electromobility (AVERE), ngaphezu kuka-80% wama-EV athengiswa eYurophu ngo-2024 asekela i-CCS. Isibonelo, iVolkswagen ID.4, i-EV edayisa kakhulu e-Europe, inconywa kakhulu ngokuhambisana kwayo ne-CCS. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwe-American Automobile Association (AAA) lubonisa ukuthi abanikazi be-Ford Mustang Mach-E kanye ne-Hyundai Ioniq 5 bakwazisa kakhulu ukunethezeka kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-CCS.
3. Kuyini ukushaja kwe-J1772?
I-SAE J1772iyindinganisoI-AC (Alternating Current)isixhumi sokushaja eNyakatho Melika, esisetshenziselwa kakhuluIleveli 1 (120V)futhiIleveli 2 (240V)ukushaja. Ithuthukiswe yiNhlangano yeOnjiniyela Bezimoto (SAE),ihambisana cishe nawo wonke ama-EV kanye ne-plug-in hybrid electric cars (PHEVs) ezithengiswa eNyakatho Melika.
Izingxenye ze-J1772
• Ukushaja kwe-AC Kuphela:Ifanele ukushaja kancane ekhaya noma ezindaweni zokusebenza.
• Ukuhambisana Okubanzi:Isekelwa cishe yiwo wonke ama-EV nama-PHEV eNyakatho Melika.
• Ukusetshenziswa Kwekhaya Nomphakathi:Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekusetheni ukushaja kwasekhaya kanye neziteshi zokushaja ze-AC zomphakathi.
Ngokusho koMnyango wase-USAmandla (DOE), ngaphezu kwe-90% yeziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya eNyakatho Melika zisebenzisa i-J1772 kusukela ngo-2024. Abanikazi be-Tesla bangashaja izimoto zabo eziteshini eziningi zomphakathi ze-AC basebenzisa i-adaptha ye-J1772. Ukwengeza, umbiko we-Electric Mobility Canada uqokomisa ukuthembela okusabalele ku-J1772 ngabanikazi be-Nissan Leaf kanye ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV ngokushaja nsuku zonke.
4. Yiziphi Izimoto Ezisekela Ukushaja kwe-J1772?
IningiEVsfuthiAma-PHEVeNyakatho Melika ifakweIzixhumi ze-J1772, okuhlanganisa:
• Amamodeli e-Tesla (ane-adaptha)
• Nissan Leaf
• I-Chevrolet Bolt EV
• I-Toyota Prius Prime (PHEV)
Ukuhambisana okubanzi kwe-J1772 kuyenza ibe enye yezindinganiso zokushaja ezaziwa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika.
Ngokusho kwe-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ngaphezu kuka-95% wama-EV athengiswa eNyakatho Melika ngo-2024 asekela i-J1772. Ukusebenzisa kukaTesla ama-adaptha e-J1772 kuvumela izimoto zakhe ukuthi zishaje cishe kuzo zonke iziteshi zomphakathi ze-AC. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwe-Electric Mobility Canada lubonisa ukuthi abanikazi be-Nissan Leaf ne-Chevrolet Bolt EV bakwazisa kakhulu ukuhambisana nokusebenziseka kalula kwe-J1772.
5. Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi kwe-CCS ne-J1772
Lapho ukhetha izinga lokushaja, abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangeleisivinini sokushaja, ukuhambisana, futhi usebenzise amacala. Nansi umehluko omkhulu:
a. Uhlobo lokushaja
I-CCS: Isekela kokubili i-AC (Ileveli 1 no-2) kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC (Ileveli 3), inikezela ngesisombululo sokushaja esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi kusixhumi esisodwa.
J1772: Isekela ngokuyinhloko ukushaja kwe-AC kuphela, ifanele ukushajwa kweLeveli 1 (120V) kanye neLeveli 2 (240V).
b. Isivinini sokushaja
I-CCS: Ihlinzeka ngesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo ngamakhono e-DC wokushaja ngokushesha, ngokuvamile afinyelela ku-80% weshaji emaminithini angu-20-40 ezimotweni ezihambisanayo.
J1772: Ikhawulelwe kuzivinini zokushaja ze-AC; ishaja Yezinga 2 ingashaja ngokugcwele ama-EV amaningi phakathi namahora angu-4-8.
c. Idizayini yesixhumi
I-CCS: Ihlanganisa izikhonkwane ze-J1772 AC nezikhonkwane ezimbili ezengeziwe ze-DC, okuyenza ibe nkulu kancane kunesixhumi esivamile se-J1772 kodwa ivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu.
J1772: Isixhumi esiminyene kakhulu esisekela ukushaja kwe-AC ngokukhethekile.
d. Ukuhambisana
I-CCS: Ihambisana nama-EV adizayinelwe kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC, okuzuzisa kakhulu ohambweni olude oludinga ukuma kokushaja okusheshayo.
J1772: Isebenzisana emhlabeni wonke nawo wonke ama-EV aseNyakatho Melika nama-PHEV wokushajwa kwe-AC, asetshenziswa kakhulu eziteshini zokushaja zasekhaya namashaja e-AC asesidlangalaleni.
e. Isicelo
I-CCS: Ilungele kokubili ukushaja kwasekhaya nokushaja kwesivinini esiphezulu lapho usohambeni, ilungele ama-EV adinga izinketho zokushaja okusheshayo.
J1772: Ifaneleka ngokuyinhloko ukushaja kwasekhaya noma kwendawo yokusebenza, okungcono kakhulu ekushajeni ebusuku noma izilungiselelo lapho isivinini singesona isici esibalulekile.
Izimpawu ze-SAE J1772
I-CCS Connector Pinouts
6. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1.Ingabe amashaja e-CCS angasetshenziselwa izimoto ze-J1772 kuphela?
Cha, izimoto ze-J1772 kuphela azikwazi ukusebenzisa i-CCS ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, kodwa zingasebenzisa izimbobo zokushaja ze-AC kumashaja e-CCS.
2.Ingabe amashaja e-CCS atholakala kabanzi eziteshini zokushaja zomphakathi?
Yebo, amashaja e-CCS aya ngokuya avama kumanethiwekhi amakhulu okushaja omphakathi kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika naseYurophu.
3.Ingabe izimoto zeTesla zisekela i-CCS noma i-J1772?
Izimoto ze-Tesla zingasebenzisa amashaja e-J1772 ane-adaptha, futhi amanye amamodeli asekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-CCS.
4.Yikuphi okusheshayo: CCS noma J1772?
I-CCS isekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, okushesha kakhulu kunokushaja kwe-AC ye-J1772.
5.Ingabe ikhono le-CCS libalulekile uma uthenga i-EV entsha?
Uma uvamise ukuthatha uhambo olude, i-CCS izuzisa kakhulu. Ohambweni olufushane lokuya emsebenzini nokushaja ekhaya, i-J1772 ingase yanele.
6.Ayini amandla okushaja eshaja ye-J1772?
Amashaja e-J1772 ngokuvamile asekela ukushaja kweLeveli 1 (120V, 1.4-1.9 kW) kanye neLeveli 2 (240V, 3.3-19.2 kW).
7.Yimaphi amandla amakhulu okushaja eshaja ye-CCS?
Amashaja e-CCS ngokuvamile asekela amazinga amandla asuka ku-50 kW kuya ku-350 kW, kuye ngokuthi isiteshi sokushaja nemoto.
8.Iyini izindleko zokufakwa kwamashaja e-J1772 kanye ne-CCS?
Amashaja e-J1772 ngokuvamile abiza kancane ukuwafaka, kubiza cishe u-300−700, kuyilapho amashaja e-CCS, asekela ukushaja okusheshayo, abiza phakathi kuka-1000 no-5000.
9.Ingabe i-CCS ne-J1772 yokushaja izixhumi ziyahambisana?
Ingxenye yokushaja ye-AC yesixhumi se-CCS ihambisana ne-J1772, kodwa ingxenye yokushaja ye-DC isebenza kuphela ngezimoto ezihambisana ne-CCS.
10.Ingabe izindinganiso zokushaja ze-EV zizohlanganiswa ngokuzayo?
Njengamanje, amazinga afana ne-CCS ne-CHAdeMO ahlala ndawonye, kodwa i-CCS ithola ukuduma ngokushesha eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, okungenzeka ibe indinganiso ehamba phambili.
7.Amathrendi esikhathi esizayo kanye Nezincomo Zomsebenzisi
Njengoba imakethe ye-EV iqhubeka nokukhula, ukwamukelwa kwe-CCS kukhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ekuhambeni amabanga amade nokushaja komphakathi. Kodwa-ke, i-J1772 isalokhu iyindinganiso ethandwayo yokushajwa kwasekhaya ngenxa yokuhambisana kwayo okubanzi nezindleko eziphansi. Kubasebenzisi abavamise ukuhamba amabanga amade, ukukhetha imoto enamandla e-CCS kuyanconywa. Kulabo abashayela ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, i-J1772 yanele izidingo zansuku zonke.
Ngokwe-International Energy Agency (IEA), ubunikazi bomhlaba wonke be-EV kulindeleke ukuthi bufinyelele ezigidini ezingama-245 ngo-2030, kanti i-CCS ne-J1772 iqhubeka njengamazinga aqavile. Isibonelo, i-Europe ihlela ukwandisa inethiwekhi yayo yokushaja ye-CCS iye eziteshini eziyisigidi esingu-1 ngo-2025 ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo se-EV. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo olwenziwa uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (i-DOE) luphakamisa ukuthi i-J1772 izogcina ngaphezu kuka-80% wemakethe yokushaja yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezintsha zokuhlala nezomphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2024