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I-OCPP – I-Open Charge Point Protocol kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2.1 ekushajweni kwe-EV

I-Evolution ye-OCPP: I-Bridging Version 1.6 ukuya ku-2.0.1 kanye ne-Beyond in EV Charging

Okuqukethwe

    I.Isingeniso Sephrothokholi Yephoyinti Lenkokhelo Evulekile

    II-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)isebenza njengezinga lomhlaba jikelele lokuxhumana phakathi kwe-Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) kanye ne-Charging Station Management Systems (CSMS). Ibhalwe ngabakwaI-Open Charge Alliance (OCA), le phrothokholi ibonwa njengezinga le-de facto embonini ye-EV (isandulela se-IEC 63110). Iqeda ukukhiya okuphathelene nobunikazi, iqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene ingakwazi ukusebenzisana ngaphandle komthungo nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zokubuyela emuva.

    Isaziso Seziphathimandla: Lesi sihloko sibhekisela kumazinga asemthethweni abekwe ku-OCA Whitepapers kanye nokucaciswa kwe-IEC/ISO

    1, Umlando we-OCPP

    Umlando we-OCPP

    2. Isingeniso senguqulo ye-OCPP

    Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, kusukela ku-OCPP1.5 kuya ku-OCPP2.0.1 yakamuva

    I-OCPP-Version-Introduction

    Ngenxa yokuthi maningi kakhulu amaphrothokholi aphathelene nokuphathelene embonini ukuze asekele isipiliyoni sesevisi esihlanganisiwe nokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwamasevisi o-opharetha ahlukene, i-OCA ihole ekuthuthukiseni iphrothokholi evulekile ye-OCPP1.5. I-SOAP inqunyelwe izingqinamba zayo zephrothokholi futhi ayikwazi ukuthandwa kabanzi futhi ngokushesha.

    I-OCPP 1.5 ixhumana nezinhlelo ezimaphakathi ngephrothokholi ye-SOAP esekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-HTTP ukuze isebenze izindawo zokushaja Isekela imisebenzi elandelayo: Ukwenziwa kwendawo kanye nokuqalwa ukude, okuhlanganisa ukulinganisa inkokhelo

    I-Leap esuka ku-1.6J kuya ku-2.0.1

    Ngenkathi izinguqulo zangaphambilini ezifana ne-OCPP 1.5 zithembele kuphrothokholi ye-SOAP enzima,I-OCPP 1.6Jiguqule imboni ngokwethula i-JSON phezu kweWebSockets. Lokhu kuvumele ukuxhumana okugcwele okuyizimbaxambili kanye nokuncishiswa kwethrafikhi yedatha, okwenza kube izinga lemakethe lamanje. Nokho, ukukhululwa kweI-OCPP 2.0.1(ukulungisa iziphazamisi ze-2.0) kuphawula ukushintsha kwepharadigm. Ngokungafani ne-1.6J, i-OCPP 2.0.1 ayihambelani emuva ngenxa yezinguquko ezibalulekile kusakhiwo sayo sedatha eklanyelwe ukusekela amasistimu okuphatha amandla ayinkimbinkimbi (EMS) kanye namazinga okuphepha aqinile.

    Ⅱ.Isingeniso senguqulo ye-OCPP

    Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi, kusukela ku-OCPP1.5 kuya ku-OCPP2.0.1 yakamuva

    I-OCPP-Version-Introduction

    Ngenxa yokuthi maningi kakhulu amaphrothokholi aphathelene nokuphathelene embonini ukuze asekele isipiliyoni sesevisi esihlanganisiwe nokuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwamasevisi o-opharetha ahlukene, i-OCA ihole ekuthuthukiseni iphrothokholi evulekile ye-OCPP1.5. I-SOAP inqunyelwe izingqinamba zayo zephrothokholi futhi ayikwazi ukuthandwa kabanzi futhi ngokushesha.

    I-OCPP 1.5 ixhumana nezinhlelo ezimaphakathi ngephrothokholi ye-SOAP esekelwe kuphrothokholi ye-HTTP ukuze isebenze izindawo zokushaja Isekela imisebenzi elandelayo: Ukwenziwa kwendawo kanye nokuqalwa ukude, okuhlanganisa ukulinganisa inkokhelo

    I-OCPP 1.6J (JSON over WebSockets)

    Ngenkathi inguqulo endala ye-SOAP iphelelwe yisikhathi,I-OCPP 1.6Jisalokhu iyinguqulo esetshenziswa kabanzi. IsebenzisaI-JSON phezu kweWebSockets (WSS), okuvumela ukuxhumana okuphelele kwe-duplex. Ngokungafani ne-HTTP-based SOAP, i-WSS inika amandla iseva (CSMS) ukuthi iqalise imiyalo (njengeI-RemoteStartTransaction) kushaja ngisho nalapho ishaja ingemuva kwe-firewall ye-NAT.

    I-OCPP 2.0 (JSON)

    I-OCPP 2.0, ekhishwe ngo-2018, ithuthukisa ukucutshungulwa kokwenziwayo, inyusa ukuphepha, ukuphathwa kwedivayisi: yengeza ukusebenza kokushaja okuhlakaniphile, kuma-topology anezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla (EMS), izilawuli zendawo, kanye nama-EV anokushaja okuhlakaniphile okuhlanganisiwe, iziteshi zokushaja nezinhlelo zokuphatha iziteshi zokushaja. IsekelaISO 15118: Izimfuneko zokuxhuma nokudlala kanye nokushaja okuhlakaniphile kwezimoto zikagesi.

    I-OCPP 2.0.1 (JSON)

    I-OCPP 2.0.1 inguqulo yakamuva, ekhishwe ngo-2020. Ihlinzeka ngezici ezintsha nokuthuthukiswa okufana nosekelo lwe-ISO15118 (I-Plug ne-Play), ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kukonke.

    Ukuvumelana kwenguqulo ye-OCPP

    I-OCPP1.x ihambisana nezinguqulo eziphansi, i-OCPP1.6 ihambisana ne-OCPP1.5, i-OCPP1.5 ihambisana ne-OCPP1.2.

    I-OCPP2.0.1 ayihambisani ne-OCPP1.6, OCPP2.0.1 nakuba okunye okuqukethwe kwe-OCPP1.6 nakho kunakho, kodwa ifomethi yozimele wedatha ihluke ngokuphelele kulokho okuthunyelwe.

    Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP 2.0.1

    1、 Umehluko phakathi kwe-OCPP 2.0.1 ne-OCPP 1.6

    Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zangaphambili ezifana ne-OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0. I-1 inokuthuthuka okukhulu emikhakheni elandelayo:

    a. Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe

    I-OCPP 2.0.1: Ukulungiswa Kwezokuphepha Nokuphathwa Kwedivayisi

    I-OCPP 2.0.1 ayihambisani emuva ne-1.6J ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha okuphelele kwemodeli yedatha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okubaluleke kakhulu ukwethulwa kwezinto ezintathu eziyimpoqoAmaphrofayili Okuphepha:

    1. Iphrofayela Yokuphepha 1:I-TLS enokuqinisekisa okuyisisekelo (Iphasiwedi).

    2. Iphrofayela Yokuphepha 2:I-TLS Enezitifiketi Zohlangothi Lweklayenti (ukuphepha okuphezulu).

    3. Iphrofayela Yokuphepha 3:I-TLS enezitifiketi eziseceleni kweklayenti nokusekelwa kwe-Hardware Security Module (HSM).

    Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithatha indawo elinganiselweUkushaya kwenhliziyoindlela nge olunzuluImodeli Yedivayisi. Lokhu kusebenzisa okujwayelekileIsakhifuthiIyaguquguqukaisakhiwo sokuqapha yonke into kusukela kusivinini sabalandeli kuya kuzinga lokushisa langaphakathi, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuxilonga okukude.

    b.Ukwengeza Izici Ezintsha

    I-OCPP2.0.1 yengeza izici eziningi ezintsha, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kokushaja okuhlakaniphile, nokubikwa kwamaphutha okuningiliziwe nokuhlaziya.

    c. Idizayini Eguquguqukayo eyengeziwe

    I-OCPP2.0.1 yakhelwe ukuthi ivumelane nezimo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlukahlukene.

    d. Ukwenza Ikhodi Lula

    I-OCPP2.0.1 yenza ikhodi ibe lula, ikwenze kube lula ukusebenzisa isofthiwe.

    Isibuyekezo se-firmware se-OCPP2.0.1 sengeze isiginesha yedijithali, ukuvimbela ukulandwa kwe-firmware akuphelele, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kokubuyekezwa kwe-firmware.

    Ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, umthetho olandelwayo we-OCPP2.0.1 ungasetshenziswa ukubona isilawuli kude senqwaba yokushaja, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela isimo sokushaja, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi neminye imisebenzi, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokushaja, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.Imininingwane ye-OCPP2.0.1 nemisebenzi kunenguqulo engu-1.6 yeziningi, ukuthuthukiswa kobunzima nakho kunyukile.

    2, OCPP2.0.1 isingeniso somsebenzi

    OCPP2.0.1-Izici

    Iphrothokholi ye-OCPP 2.0.1 iyinguqulo yakamuva yephrothokholi ye-OCPP. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-OCPP 1.6, iphrothokholi ye-OCPP 2.0.1 yenze ukuthuthukiswa nokulungiselelwa okuningi. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:

    •Ukulethwa komlayezo:I-OCP 2.0.1 yengeza izinhlobo zemilayezo emisha futhi ilungise amafomethi wemilayezo emidala ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza.

    •Izitifiketi Zedijithali:Ku-OCPP 2.0.1, izindlela zokuphepha ezisekelwe kwisitifiketi sedijithali zethulwa ukuze zinikeze ukuqinisekiswa kwedivayisi okuqinile nokuvikela ubuqotho bomlayezo. Lokhu ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuphepha ze-OCPP1.6.

    •Imodeli Yedatha:I-OCPP 2.0.1 ibuyekeza imodeli yedatha ukuze ifake ukusekela kwezinhlobo zamadivayisi amasha nezici.

    •Ukuphathwa Kwedivayisi:I-OCPP 2.0.1 inikeza imisebenzi yokuphatha idivayisi ebanzi, okuhlanganisa ukulungiselelwa kwedivayisi, ukuxazulula inkinga, izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, njll.

    •Amamodeli wengxenye:I-OCPP 2.0.1 yethula imodeli yengxenye evumelana nezimo engasetshenziswa ukuchaza amadivayisi namasistimu wokushaja ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukunika amandla izici ezithuthuke kakhulu njengeI-V2G (Imoto eya kuGridi).

    •Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile:Ukushaja Okuthuthukile Okuhlakaniphile Nokudidiyelwa kwe-ISO 15118, umehluko phakathi kuka-1.6 no-2.0.1 ekushajweni okuhlakaniphile ubalulekile. Ngenkathi i-1.6J incike kokuyisisekeloUkushajaAmaphrofayili, i-OCPP 2.0.1 isekela ngokomdabuISO 15118ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlula.

    Lokhu kunika amandlaI-Plug & Charge (PnC): I-EVSE isebenza njengesango, evumela i-EV ukuthi ishintshisane ngezitifiketi zedijithali ngokuqondile ne-backend ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Awekho amakhadi e-RFID noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingekayo. Lokhu futhi kwenza isisekeloI-V2G (Imoto-kuya-kwigridi), okuvumela ukuphathwa kokugeleza kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili okusekelwe kubuningi begridi namandla.

    •Ubunikazi Bomsebenzisi Nokugunyazwa:I-OCPP2.0.1 inikeza ukuhlonza okuthuthukisiwe komsebenzisi nezindlela zokugunyaza, isekela izindlela zokuqinisekisa zabasebenzisi abaningi, futhi ibeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuvikela idatha yomsebenzisi.

    III. Isingeniso somsebenzi we-OCPP

    1. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile

    I-IEC-63110

    Isistimu Yokulawula Amandla Yangaphandle (EMS)
    I-OCPP 2.0.1 ibhekana nale nkinga ngokwethula indlela yokwazisa eyazisa i-CSMS (Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwesiteshi Sokushaja) ngemikhawulo yangaphandle. Okokufaka okuqondile kokushaja okuhlakaniphile okusekela izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla (EMS) kungaxazulula izimo eziningi:
    Izimoto zikagesi ezixhunywe ezindaweni zokushaja (nge-ISO 15118)
    I-OCPP 2.0.1 isekela i-ISO 15118 -iphrothokholi ebuyekeziwe yokuxhumana kwe-EVSE-to-EV. Ukushaja okujwayelekile kwepulaki nokudlala kwe-ISO 15118 nokushaja okuhlakaniphile (okuhlanganisa okokufaka okuvela kuma-EVs) kulula ukukusebenzisa kusetshenziswa i-OCPP 2.0.1. Nika amandla ama-opharetha eziteshi ezishajayo ukuze athumele imilayezo (kusuka ku-CSMS) mayelana neziteshi zokushaja ezizoboniswa abashayeli be-EV.
    Ukusetshenziswa kokushaja okuhlakaniphile:

    (1) Layisha Isilinganisi
    I-Load Balancer ihloselwe kakhulu umthwalo wangaphakathi wesiteshi sokushaja. Isiteshi sokushaja sizolawula amandla okushaja eposi ngalinye lokushaja ngokuya ngokulungiselelwa kwangaphambilini. Isiteshi sokushaja sizolungiselelwa ngenani elilinganiselwe elilinganiselwe, njengenani eliphezulu eliphumayo lamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucushwa kuhlanganisa nezinketho zokuzikhethela zokuthuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kweziteshi zokushaja eziteshini zokushaja ngazinye. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kutshela isiteshi sokushaja ukuthi izilinganiso zokushaja ezingaphansi kwaleli velu yokumisa azivumelekile nokuthi amanye amasu okushaja kufanele akhethwe.

    (2) Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okuphakathi
    Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okumaphakathi kucabanga ukuthi imikhawulo yokushaja ilawulwa isistimu emaphakathi, ebala ingxenye noma lonke uhlelo lokushaja ngemva kokuthola ulwazi lokubikezela lomsebenzisi wegridi mayelana nomthamo wegridi, futhi isistimu emaphakathi izobeka imikhawulo yokushaja eziteshini zokushaja futhi ibeke imikhawulo yokushaja ngokuphendula imilayezo.

    (3) Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kwendawo
    Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kwasendaweni kwenziwa yisilawuli sendawo, esilingana ne-ejenti yephrothokholi ye-OCPP, enesibopho sokwamukela imilayezo evela kusistimu emaphakathi nokulawula ukuziphatha kokushaja kwezinye iziteshi zokushaja eqenjini. Isilawuli ngokwaso singafakwa iziteshi zokushaja noma cha. Kumodi yokushaja okuhlakaniphile kwendawo, isilawuli sasendaweni sikhawulela amandla okushaja esiteshi sokushaja. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, inani lomkhawulo lingashintshwa. Inani elilinganiselwe leqembu lokushaja lingalungiswa endaweni noma ngesistimu emaphakathi.

    2. Isingeniso Sesistimu

    Isiteshi-Sokushaja-Isistimu-Yokuphatha-(CSMS)

    uhlaka oluhlelekile

    I-OCPP-software-structure

    I-software Architecture
    Amamojula asebenzayo kuphrothokholi ye-OCPP2.0.1 ngokuyinhloko ahlanganisa imojula Yokudluliswa Kwedatha, imojula yokugunyaza, imojula yokuphepha, imojula yokuthengiselana, imojula Yamanani Emitha, Imojula Yezindleko, Imojula yokubhuka, imojula yokushaja okuhlakaniphile, imojula yokuxilonga, imojula Yokulawula I-Firmware kanye nemojula yomlayezo wokubonisa

    IV. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwe-OCPP

    1.Izinzuzo ze-OCPP

    I-OCPP iyiphrothokholi yamahhala nevulekile, futhi iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula ukuxhumana kwenqwaba yamanje yokushaja, futhi iye yathandwa futhi yasetshenziswa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, ukuxhumana okuzayo phakathi kwezinsizakalo zomqhubi kuzoba nolimi lokuxhumana.

    Ngaphambi kokufika kwe-OCPP, umkhiqizi ngamunye weposi elishajayo wakha eyakhe iphrothokholi yobunikazi yokuxhumana okungemuva, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiywe opharetha beposi elishajayo kumkhiqizi weposi elilodwa elishajayo. Manje, cishe bonke abakhiqizi bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha abasekela i-OCPP, abaqhubi beposi abashajayo bakhululekile ukukhetha ihadiwe kunoma yimuphi umthengisi, okwenza imakethe iqhudelane kakhulu.

    Kunjalo nakubanikazi bezakhiwo/bamabhizinisi; uma bethenga isiteshi sokushaja okungesona i-OCPP noma inkontileka ne-CPO engeyona eye-OCPP, bakhiyelwa esiteshini esithile sokushaja kanye nesisebenzisi seposi esishajayo. Kodwa ngehardware yokushaja ethobela i-OCPP, abanikazi bezindlu bangakwazi ukuhlala bezimele kubahlinzeki babo. Abanikazi bakhululekile ukukhetha i-CPO enokuncintisana kakhulu, enentengo engcono, noma esebenza kangcono. futhi, banganweba inethiwekhi yabo ngokuxuba ihadiwe ehlukile yokushaja ngaphandle kokuhlakaza ukufakwa okukhona.

    Yebo, inzuzo enkulu yama-EVs ukuthi abashayeli be-EV akudingeki bathembele ku-opharetha weposi elilodwa lokushaja noma umhlinzeki we-EV. Njengaseziteshini zokushaja ze-OCPP ezithengiwe, abashayeli be-EV bangashintshela kuma-CPO/EMP angcono. okwesibili, kodwa inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yikhono lokusebenzisa ukuzulazula kwe-e-mobility.

    2.OCPP endimeni yokushaja imoto kagesi

    (1) I-OCPP isiza i-EVSE ne-CSMS ukuthi zixhumane

    (2) Ukugunyazwa kwabasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi baqale ukushaja

    (3) Ukuguqulwa kwesilawuli kude sokucushwa kokushaja, isilawuli sokushaja sesilawuli kude (ukuqala/ukumisa), isibhamu esivula kude (i-id yesixhumi)

    (4) Isimo sesikhathi sangempela sesiteshi sokushaja (esitholakalayo, esimisiwe, esimisiwe, i-EV/EVSE engagunyaziwe), idatha yokushaja yesikhathi sangempela, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesikhathi sangempela, ukwehluleka kwe-EVSE yesikhathi sangempela

    (5) Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile (ukunciphisa umthwalo wegridi)

    (6) Ukuphathwa kweFirmware (OTAA)

    I-OCPP 1.6J2.0.1

    Ⅴ.Ukuqinisekisa Okunamandla Nemininingwane Yomkhiqizi

    Ukusebenzisa i-OCPP 2.0.1 kudinga ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile. NgoI-Linkpower, ithimba lethu le-R&D lenze ukuhlola ukusebenzisana okubanzi lisebenzisa i-I-OCTT (Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ukuhambisana Nephuzu Lokukhokhiswa Elivulekile)ngokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wangempela.

    Indawo Yokuhlola Nemiphumela:Siqinisekise ngempumelelo i-firmware yethu ye-EVSE ngokumelene nayo100+ abahlinzeki be-CSMS bomhlaba wonke(kufaka phakathi amanethiwekhi amakhulu aseYurophu nase-US). Ukuhlolwa kwethu kugxile kulokhu:

    • Ukuzinza Kwe-TLS Handshake:Ukuqinisekisa ukuphikelela kokuxhumeka ngaphansi kwePhrofayela Yezokuphepha 2 & 3.

    • Ubuqotho Bedatha Yokwenziwe:Ukuqinisekisa okushaTransactionEventukuthunyelwa komlayezo ngaphansi kwezimo zenethiwekhi ezingazinzile (Ukulingiswa kokulahlekelwa kwephakethe).

    Le datha yobuchwepheshe iqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo sethu se-OCPP 2.0.1 asigcini nje ngokuthobela ingqikithi, kodwa silungele ukuthunyelwa kwe-V2G kwezohwebo.

    Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-21-2024
    Chofoza u-enter ukuze useshe noma u-ESC ukuze uvale