Izilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK yeshaja ye-EVzibalulekile futhi akufanele zishaywe indiva! Iziteshi zokushaja zihlala zichayeka ezintweni: umoya, imvula, uthuli, ngisho nemithelela yengozi. Lezi zici zingalimaza amathuluzi futhi zidale izingozi zokuphepha. Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ishaja yemoto yakho kagesi iyakwazi ukumelana nezindawo ezinzima nokushaqeka ngokomzimba, iqinisekisa ukushajwa okuphephile nokwelula impilo yayo? Ukuqonda izilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK kubalulekile. Ziyizindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokulinganisa ukusebenza kokuvikela kweshaja futhi zihlobene ngokuqondile nokuthi ziqine futhi ziqine kangakanani okokusebenza kwakho.
Ukukhetha ishaja ye-EV efanele akukhona nje ngesivinini sokushaja. Amandla ayo okuvikela abaluleke ngokufanayo. Ishaja yekhwalithi ephezulu kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nezakhi, imelane nokungena kothuli, futhi ibekezelele ukungqubuzana okungalindelekile. Izilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK zingamazinga abalulekile okuhlola lokhu kusebenza kokuvikela. Zisebenza "njengesudi yokuvikela" yeshaja, zikutshela ukuthi izinto zokusebenza ziqine kangakanani. Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula incazelo yalezi zilinganiso nokuthi ziwuthinta kanjani umuzwa wakho wokushaja kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Isilinganiso Sokuvikela I-IP: Ukhiye Wokumelana Nezinselele Zendawo
Isilinganiso se-IP, esifushane se-Ingress Protection Rating, siyindinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe ekala ikhono lezinto zikagesi zokuvikela ekungeneni kwezinhlayiya eziqinile (njengothuli) noketshezi (njengamanzi). Okwangaphandle noma ngaphandleAmashaja e-EV, isilinganiso se-IP sibalulekile njengoba sihlobene ngokuqondile nokuthembeka kwemishini neminyaka yokuphila.
Ukuqonda Izilinganiso Ze-IP: Kusho Ukuthini Uthuli Nokuvikelwa Kwamanzi
Isilinganiso se-IP ngokuvamile siqukethe amadijithi amabili, isibonelo,IP65.
•Idijithi Yokuqala: Ibonisa izinga lokuvikela isisetshenziswa esinaso ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile (njengothuli, udoti), ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-6.
0: Akukho ukuvikeleka.
1: Ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-50 mm.
2: Ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-12.5 mm.
3: Ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-2.5 mm.
4: Ukuvikelwa ezintweni eziqinile ezingaphezu kuka-1 mm.
5: Kuvikelwe uthuli. Ukungena kothuli akuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kodwa akumele kuphazamise ukusebenza okwanelisayo kwemishini.
6: Uthuli luqinile. Akukho ukungena kothuli.
•Idijithi Yesibili: Ikhombisa izinga lokuvikela isisetshenziswa esinaso oketshezini (njengamanzi), ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-9K.
0: Akukho ukuvikeleka.
1: Ukuvikelwa emathonsini amanzi ahlayo.
2: Ukuvikelwa ekuweni kwamanzi ahlayo lapho kutshekiswa kufika ku-15°.
3: Ukuvikelwa ekucheleni amanzi.
4: Ukuvikeleka ekuthelelekeni kwamanzi.
I-5: Ukuvikelwa emanzini anengcindezi ephansi.
I-6: Ukuvikela ngokumelene namajethi anengcindezi ephezulu yamanzi.
7: Ukuvikelwa ekucwilisweni kwesikhashana emanzini (imvamisa kube imitha elilodwa ukushona imizuzu engama-30).
8: Ukuvikelwa ekucwilisweni okuqhubekayo emanzini (imvamisa ukujula kunemitha elingu-1, isikhathi eside).
I-9K: Ukuvikela ngokumelene nomfutho ophezulu, amajethi ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu lamanzi.
| Isilinganiso se-IP | Idijithi Yokuqala (Ukuvikela Okuqinile) | Idijithi Yesibili (Ukuvikelwa Koketshezi) | Izimo Zokusebenza Ezivamile |
|---|---|---|---|
| IP44 | Ivikelwe kokuqinile > 1mm | Kuvikelwe ekuchaphazeni amanzi | Ngaphakathi noma evikelekile ingxenye yangaphandle |
| IP54 | Kuvikelwe uthuli | Kuvikelwe ekuchaphazeni amanzi | Ngaphakathi noma evikelekile ingxenye yangaphandle |
| IP55 | Kuvikelwe uthuli | Ivikelwe emanzini anengcindezi ephansi | Ingaphandle kancane, okungenzeka ibe nemvula |
| IP65 | Kuthele uthuli | Ivikelwe emanzini anengcindezi ephansi | Ngaphandle, kuvezwe imvula nothuli |
| IP66 | Kuthele uthuli | Ivikelwe kumajethi wamanzi anengcindezi ephezulu | Ngaphandle, okungenzeka kube nemvula enkulu noma ukuwashwa |
| IP67 | Kuthele uthuli | Kuvikelwe ekucwilisweni kwesikhashana emanzini | Ngaphandle, ukucwiliswa emanzini okungenzeka kube kafushane |
Izilinganiso Ezijwayelekile Ze-IP Yeshaja Ye-EV kanye Nezimo Zazo Zokusebenza
Izindawo zokufaka zeAmashaja e-EVziyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngakho izidingo zeIzilinganiso ze-IPfuthi ziyehluka.
•Amashaja angaphakathi (isb., afakwe odongeni ekhaya): Ngokuvamile idinga izilinganiso ze-IP eziphansi, njengeIP44 or IP54. Lawa mashaja afakwa emagaraji noma ezindaweni zokupaka ezivikelekile, ngokuyinhloko avikela uthuli oluncane kanye nokuchaphazeka ngezikhathi ezithile.
•Ama-Semi-Outdoor Charger (isb, izindawo zokupaka, indawo yokupaka engaphansi kwenxanxathela yezitolo): Kunconywa ukukhethaIP55 or IP65. Lezi zindawo zingase zithintwe umoya, uthuli, nemvula, okudinga ukuvikelwa okungcono kothuli nendiza yamanzi.
•Amashaja Omphakathi Angaphandle (isb., eceleni komgwaqo, izindawo zesevisi yomgwaqo omkhulu): Kumele ukhetheIP65 or IP66. Lawa mashaja achayeka ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene futhi adinga ukumelana nemvula enamandla, iziphepho zesihlabathi, ngisho nokuwashwa okunomfutho omkhulu. I-IP67 ifanele izindawo ezikhethekile lapho ukucwiliswa phansi kwesikhashana kungase kwenzeke.
Ukukhetha isilinganiso se-IP esilungile kuvimbela uthuli, imvula, iqhwa, nomswakamo ukuthi ungangeni ngaphakathi kweshaja, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe amasekhethi amafushane, ukugqwala, nokungasebenzi kahle kwemishini. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunweba ukuphila kweshaja kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuyilungisa futhi kuqinisekisa isevisi yokushaja eqhubekayo.
Isilinganiso Somthelela we-IK: Ukuvikela Izisetshenziswa Ekulimaleni Okungokomzimba
Isilinganiso se-IK, esifushane sokuthi Isilinganiselwa Sokuvikelwa Komthelela, izinga lamazwe ngamazwe elikala ukumelana kwendawo ebiyelwe ngokumelene nemithelela yangaphandle yemishini. Lisitshela ukuthi ucezu lwesisetshenziswa lungakwazi ukumelana namandla angakanani ngaphandle kokulimala. NgobaAmashaja e-EVezindaweni zomphakathi, isilinganiso se-IK sibaluleke ngokufanayo njengoba sihlobene nokuqina kwempahla ngokumelene nokushayisana kwengozi noma ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla.
Ukuqonda Izilinganiso ze-IK: Ukulinganisa Ukumelana Nomthelela
Isilinganiso se-IK ngokuvamile sinezinombolo ezimbili, isibonelo,IK08. Ibonisa amandla omthelela isisetshenziswa esingakwazi ukumelana nawo, akalwa ngama-Joules (Joule).
•IK00: Akukho ukuvikeleka.
•IK01: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela we-0.14 Joules (okulingana nento engu-0.25 kg ewa isuka ku-56 mm ubude).
•IK02: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-0.2 (okulingana nento engu-0.25 kg ewa isuka ku-80 mm ubude).
•IK03: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-0.35 (okulingana nento engu-0.25 kg ewa isuka ku-140 mm ubude).
•IK04: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-0.5 (okulingana nento engu-0.25 kg ewa isuka ku-200 mm ubude).
•IK05: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-0.7 (okulingana nento engu-0.25 kg ewa isuka ku-280 mm ubude).
•IK06: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela we-1 Joule (okulingana nento engu-0.5 kg ewa isuka ku-200 mm ubude).
•IK07: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-2 (okulingana nento engu-0.5 kg ewa isuka ku-400 mm ubude).
•IK08: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-5 (okulingana nento engu-1.7 kg ewa isuka ku-300 mm ubude).
•IK09: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joule angu-10 (okulingana nento engu-5 kg ewa isuka ku-200 mm ubude).
•IK10: Ingakwazi ukumelana nomthelela wama-Joules angu-20 (okulingana nento engu-5 kg ewa isuka ku-400 mm ubude).
| Isilinganiso se-IK | Impact Energy (Joules) | Isisindo Sento Enomthelela (kg) | Ubude Bomthelela (mm) | Isibonelo Sesimo Esijwayelekile |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IK00 | Lutho | - | - | Akukho ukuvikeleka |
| IK05 | 0.7 | 0.25 | 280 | Ukushayisana okuncane kwasendlini |
| IK07 | 2 | 0.5 | 400 | Izindawo zomphakathi zasendlini |
| IK08 | 5 | 1.7 | 300 | Izindawo zomphakathi ezingaphandle, imithelela emincane ingenzeka |
| IK10 | 20 | 5 | 400 | Izindawo zomphakathi ezingaphandle, ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla okungenzeka noma ukushayisana kwezimoto |
Kungani Amashaja E-EV Edinga Ukuvikelwa Kwesilinganiso Esiphezulu Se-IK?
Amashaja e-EV, ikakhulukazi lawo afakwe ezindaweni zomphakathi, abhekana nezingozi ezihlukahlukene zokulimala ngokomzimba. Lezi zingozi zingavela:
•Ukushayisana Ngengozi: Ezindaweni zokupaka, izimoto zingashayisa iziteshi zokushaja ngephutha ngenkathi zipaka noma zihamba.
•Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla: Izinsiza zomphakathi kwesinye isikhathi zingaba okuhloswe ngazo abacekeli phansi; isilinganiso esiphezulu se-IK singamelana ngempumelelo nokushaya ngamabomu, ukukhahlela, nokunye ukuziphatha okulimazayo.
•Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: Kwezinye izifunda, isichotho noma ezinye izenzakalo zemvelo nazo zingabangela umthelela womzimba kumpahla.
Ukukhetha iIshaja ye-EVnge highIsilinganiso se-IK, njengeIK08 or IK10, ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana kwemishini ekulimaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemva komthelela, izingxenye zangaphakathi zeshaja nemisebenzi ingahlala injalo. Lokhu akuqinisekisi kuphela ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini, kunciphisa imvamisa yokukhanda nokushintshwa, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha komsebenzisi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Isiteshi sokushaja esilimele singadala izingozi njengokuvuza kukagesi noma amasekhethi amafushane, futhi isilinganiso esiphezulu se-IK singanciphisa ngempumelelo lezi zingozi.
Ukukhetha I-IP Elungile Yeshaja ye-EV & Isilinganiso se-IK: Ukucatshangelwa Okubanzi
Manje njengoba usuqonda incazelo yezilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK, ulikhetha kanjani izinga elifanele lokuvikela lakhoIshaja ye-EV? Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwendawo yokufaka ishaja, izimo zokusetshenziswa, kanye nalokho okulindele ngesikhathi sokuphila kwemishini kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa.
Umthelela Wendawo Yokufaka Nezimo Zokusebenzisa Ekukhetheni Izilinganiso
Izindawo ezihlukene zokufaka nezimo zokusebenzisa zinezidingo ezihlukene zokuthiIsilinganiso se-IP ne-IK.
•Izindawo zokuhlala ezizimele (Igaraji lasendlini):
Isilinganiso se-IP: IP44 or IP54ngokuvamile kwanele. Izindawo zasendlini zinothuli nomswakama omncane, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kwamanzi aphezulu kakhulu nothuli akudingekile.
Isilinganiso se-IK: IK05 or IK07yanele imithelela emincane yansuku zonke, njengamathuluzi ashaywe ngephutha noma amaqhubu ngephutha phakathi nokudlala kwezingane.
Ukucabangela: Igxile kakhulu ekushajeni nasekusebenziseni izindleko.
•Izindawo Zokuhlala Ezizimele (I-Outdoor Driveway noma Indawo Yokupaka Evulekile):
Isilinganiso se-IP: OkungenaniIP65Kunconywa. Ishaja izochayeka ngokuqondile emvuleni, eqhweni, nasekukhanyeni kwelanga, okudinga ukuvikeleka okugcwele kothuli nokuvikelwa kumajethi wamanzi.
Isilinganiso se-IK: IK08Kunconywa. Ngokungeziwe ezintweni zemvelo, ukushayisana okungaba khona ngengozi (okufana nokuklwebheka kwezimoto) noma ukulimala kwezilwane kufanele kucatshangelwe.
Ukucabangela: Idinga ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwemvelo kanye nezinga elithile lokumelana nomthelela womzimba.
•Izindawo Zokuhweba (Izindawo Zokupaka, Izitolo Zokuthenga):
Isilinganiso se-IP: OkungenaniIP65. Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile ziyizindawo ezivulekile noma ezivulekile, lapho amashaja azochayeka othulini nasemvuleni.
Isilinganiso se-IK: IK08 or IK10kunconywa kakhulu. Izindawo zomphakathi zinezinyawo eziphakeme nokuhamba njalo kwezimoto, okuholela engcupheni ephezulu yokushayisana kwengozi noma ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-IK singanciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokunakekela kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukucabangela: Igcizelela ukuqina kwemishini, ukwethembeka, namandla okulwa nokucekelwa phansi.
•Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi (Umgwaqo, Izindawo zesevisi yomgwaqo omkhulu):
Isilinganiso se-IP: KumeleIP65 or IP66. Lawa mashaja avezwe ngokugcwele ngaphandle futhi angase abhekane nesimo sezulu esibi kanye nokuwashwa kwamanzi anengcindezi ephezulu.
Isilinganiso se-IK: IK10kunconywa kakhulu. Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ziyizindawo ezisengozini enkulu ethambekele ekulimaleni okunonya noma ukushayisana okukhulu kwezimoto. Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvikela le-IK liqinisekisa ubuqotho obukhulu bemishini.
Ukucabangela: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo endaweni enzima kakhulu kanye nezingozi eziphakeme kakhulu.
•Izindawo Ezikhethekile (isb., Izindawo Zasogwini, Izizinda Zezimboni):
Ngokungeziwe ezilinganisweni ezijwayelekile ze-IP ne-IK, ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe emazingeni okugqwala nesifutho sikasawoti kungase kudingeke. Lezi zindawo zidinga izidingo eziphakeme zezinto zeshaja nokuvala uphawu.
Umthelela Wezilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK Kubude besikhathi Sokuphila Kweshaja Nokugcinwa
Ukutshala imali ku-Ishaja ye-EVngokufaneleIzilinganiso ze-IP ne-IKakukhona nje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphuthumayo; wutshalomali lwesikhathi eside ezindlekweni zokusebenza zesikhathi esizayo nempilo yemishini.
•Izisetshenziswa Ezandisiwe Ukuphila: Isilinganiso se-IP ephezulu sivimbela ngempumelelo uthuli nokuswakama ekungeneni ngaphakathi kweshaja, kugwenywa izinkinga ezifana nokugqwala kwebhodi lesekethe namasekhethi amafushane, ngaleyo ndlela kunwebe ngokuphawulekayo ubude bempilo yeshaja. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-IK sivikela okokusebenza ekulimaleni ngokomzimba, ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi noma ukulimala kwengxenye okubangelwa imithelela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ishaja yakho ingasebenza ngokuzinzile isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintshwa njalo.
•Izindleko Ezincishisiwe Zokulungisa: Amashaja anezilinganiso zokuvikela ezinganele ajwayele ukungasebenzi kahle, okuholela ekulungisweni okuvamile nokushintshwa kwezingxenye. Isibonelo, ishaja yangaphandle enesilinganiso se-IP esiphansi ingase yehluleke ngemva kwezimvula ezinkulu ezimbalwa ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi. Isiteshi sokushaja esisesidlangalaleni esinesilinganiso esiphansi se-IK singase sidinge ukulungiswa okubizayo ngemva kokushayisana okuncane. Ukukhetha izinga elifanele lokuvikela kunganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo lokhu kwehluleka okungalindelekile kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise zonke izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa.
•Ukwethenjwa Kwesevisi Okuthuthukisiwe: Eziteshini zokushaja ezentengiso nezomphakathi, ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwamashaja kubalulekile. Isilinganiso sokuvikela okuphezulu sisho isikhathi esincane sokuphumula ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle, okuvumela izinsizakalo zokushaja eziqhubekayo nezithembekile kubasebenzisi. Lokhu akuthuthukisi ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzisi kuphela kodwa futhi kuletha imali engenayo ezinzile kubasebenzisi.
•Ukuphepha Komsebenzisi Okuqinisekisiwe: Amashaja alimele angase abangele izingozi zokuphepha njengokuvuza kukagesi noma ukushaqeka kukagesi. Izilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK ziqinisekisa ngokuyisisekelo ubuqotho besakhiwo nokuphepha kukagesi kweshaja. Ishaja engangenwa izintuli, engangeni manzi, futhi imelana nomthelela inganciphisa ingcuphe yezingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, inikeze abasebenzisi indawo yokushaja ephephile.
Kafushane, lapho ukhetha i-Ishaja ye-EV, ungalokothi ungakunakiIzilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK. Ziyitshe legumbi lokuqinisekisa ukuthi ishaja isebenza ngokuphepha, ngokuthembekile, nangempumelelo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Esimeni samanje semoto kagesi esithandwa kakhulu, ukuqonda nokukhethaAmashaja e-EVngokufaneleIzilinganiso ze-IP ne-IKkubalulekile. Izilinganiso ze-IP zivikela amashaja ekungeneni kothuli namanzi, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwawo kagesi kanye nokusebenza okuvamile ezimweni zezulu ezihlukahlukene. Izilinganiso ze-IK, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zikala ukumelana kweshaja emithelelaneni engokomzimba, ebaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zomphakathi, okunciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana kwengozi kanye nomonakalo omubi.
Ukuhlola kahle indawo yokufaka kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, nokukhetha izilinganiso ze-IP ne-IK ezidingekayo, ngeke nje kunwebe kakhuluIshaja ye-EVubude besikhathi sokuphila kanye nokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa nokushintsha kodwa futhi inikeza abasebenzisi umuzwa wokushaja oqhubekayo, ophephile, nonokwethenjelwa. Njengomthengi nomaI-Charge Point opharetha, ukukhetha ukwaziswa kwakha isisekelo esiqinile sekusasa lokuhamba kukagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-06-2025