Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-ISO/IEC 15118

I-nomenclature esemthethweni ye-ISO 15118 ithi “Izimoto Zomgwaqo – Imoto eya kugridi yokuxhumana.” Kungase kube enye yamazinga abaluleke kakhulu futhi anobufakazi besikhathi esizayo atholakalayo namuhla.

Indlela yokushaja ehlakaniphile eyakhelwe ku-ISO 15118 yenza kube nokwenzeka ukufanisa kahle umthamo wegridi nesidingo samandla senani elikhulayo lama-EV axhuma kugridi kagesi. I-ISO 15118 futhi ivumela ukudluliswa kwamandla okuqondiswa kabili ukuze kubonweimoto-to-gridizinhlelo zokusebenza ngokuphakela amandla asuka ku-EV abuyele kugridi lapho kudingeka. I-ISO 15118 ivumela ukushajwa okusebenziseka kalula kwegridi, okuvikelekile, nokufanelekile kwama-EV.

Umlando we-ISO 15118

Ngo-2010, i-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) kanye ne-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) bahlangana ukuze bakhe i-ISO/IEC 15118 Joint Working Group. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ochwepheshe abavela embonini yezimoto kanye nemboni yezinsiza basebenze ndawonye ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuxhumana lamazwe ngamazwe lokushaja ama-EV. I-Joint Working Group iphumelele ekwakheni isisombululo esamukelwa kabanzi manje esesiyindinganiso ehamba phambili ezifundeni ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke njenge-Europe, i-US, Central/South America, kanye neNingizimu Korea. I-ISO 15118 nayo ikhula ngokushesha eNdiya nase-Australia. Inothi ngefomethi: I-ISO ithathe izintambo zokushicilelwa kwezinga futhi manje isiyaziwa ngokuthi kalula i-ISO 15118.

Imoto-kuya-kugridi — ukuhlanganisa ama-EV kugridi

I-ISO 15118 inika amandla ukuhlanganiswa kwama-EVs kuigridi ehlakaniphile(aka imoto-2-grid nomaimoto-to-grid). Igridi ehlakaniphile igridi kagesi exhumanisa abakhiqizi bamandla, abathengi, nezingxenye zegridi njengama-transformer ngobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

I-ISO 15118 ivumela i-EV kanye nesiteshi sokushaja ukuthi sishintshisane ngolwazi ngokusekelwe ekutheni ishejuli yokushaja efanele ingaxoxiswana ngayo. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zisebenza ngendlela esebenziseka kalula. Kulokhu, "igridi friendly" kusho ukuthi idivayisi isekela ukushajwa kwezimoto eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenkathi ivimbela igridi ekulayisheni ngokweqile. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushaja ezihlakaniphile zizobala ishejuli yokushaja ngayinye ye-EV ngayinye ngokusebenzisa ulwazi olutholakalayo mayelana nesimo segridi kagesi, isidingo samandla se-EV ngayinye, kanye nezidingo zokuhamba zomshayeli ngamunye (isikhathi sokusuka nebanga lokushayela).

Ngale ndlela, isikhathi ngasinye sokushaja sizofanelana kahle nomthamo wegridi nesidingo sikagesi sokushaja kanyekanye kwama-EV. Ukushaja ngezikhathi zokutholakala okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye/noma ngezikhathi lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kukonke kuphansi kungenye yezindlela zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ezingatholwa nge-ISO 15118.

Vikela ukuxhumana okuxhaswe yi-Plug & Charge

Igridi kagesi iyingqalasizinda ebalulekile edinga ukuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni okungase kube khona futhi umshayeli udinga ukukhokhiswa ngendlela efanele amandla alethwe ku-EV. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuphephile phakathi kwama-EV neziteshi zokushaja, izinkampani zangaphandle ezinonya zingabamba futhi ziguqule imilayezo futhi ziphazamise ulwazi lokukhokha. Kungakho i-ISO 15118 iza nesici esibizwaIpulaki & Shaja. I-Plug & Charge isebenzisa izindlela ezimbalwa ze-cryptographic ukuze kuvikelwe lokhu kuxhumana futhi iqinisekise ubumfihlo, ubuqotho, nobuqiniso bayo yonke idatha eshintshiwe.

Ukufaneleka komsebenzisi njengokhiye wokuzizwisa ukushaja okungenazihibe

Izinga le-ISO 15118Ipulaki & Shajaisici siphinde sinike amandla i-EV ukuthi izikhombe ngokuzenzakalelayo esiteshini sokushaja futhi ithole ukufinyelela okugunyaziwe emandleni ewadingayo ukuze ishaje ibhethri layo. Konke lokhu kusekelwe kuzitifiketi zedijithali nengqalasizinda yokhiye womphakathi eyenziwe yatholakala ngesici se-Plug & Charge. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu? Umshayeli akudingeki enze noma yini ngaphandle kokuxhuma ikhebula lokushaja emotweni nasesiteshini sokushaja (ngesikhathi sokushaja ngezintambo) noma apake ngaphezu kwephedi eliphansi (ngesikhathi sokushajwa okungenantambo). Isenzo sokufaka ikhadi lesikweletu, ukuvula uhlelo lokusebenza ukuze kuskenwe ikhodi ye-QR, noma ukuthola ukuthi ikhadi le-RFID elilahleka kalula yinto yesikhathi esidlule ngalobu buchwepheshe.

I-ISO 15118 izothinta kakhulu ikusasa lokushajwa kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yalezi zici ezintathu ezibalulekile:

1. Ukusebenziseka kalula kukhasimende eliza ne-Plug & Charge
2. Ukuvikeleka kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe okuza nezindlela eziyimfihlo ezichazwe ku-ISO 15118
3. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kwegridi

Sinalezo zici ezibalulekile engqondweni, ake singene kumantongomane namabhawodi wezinga.

Umndeni wedokhumenti ye-ISO 15118

Izinga ngokwalo, elibizwa ngokuthi "Izimoto Zomgwaqo - I-Vehicle to grid communication interface", iqukethe izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili. Ihayifeni noma udeshi kanye nenombolo zisho ingxenye efanele. I-ISO 15118-1 ibhekisa engxenyeni yokuqala nokunye.

Esithombeni esingezansi, ungabona ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ye-ISO 15118 ihlobene kanjani nengxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kweziyisikhombisa zokuxhumana ezichaza ukuthi ulwazi lucutshungulwa kanjani kunethiwekhi yezokuxhumana. Uma i-EV ixhunywe esiteshini sokushaja, isilawuli sokuxhumana se-EV (esibizwa nge-EVCC) kanye nesilawuli sokuxhumana sesiteshi sokushaja (i-SECC) basungula inethiwekhi yokuxhumana. Umgomo wale nethiwekhi uwukushintshanisa imilayezo nokuqalisa iseshini yokushaja. Kokubili i-EVCC kanye ne-SECC kumele zinikeze lezo zigaba eziyisikhombisa zokusebenza (njengoba kushiwo ku-Isitaki sokuxhumana se-ISO/OSI) ukuze kucutshungulwe ulwazi abaluthumelayo nabalutholayo bobabili. Isendlalelo ngasinye sakhela phezu kokusebenza okuhlinzekwa yisendlalelo esingaphansi, siqala ngesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza phezulu kuze kufike phansi kuze kufike kungqimba olubonakalayo.

Isibonelo: Isendlalelo sesixhumanisi esiphathekayo nesedatha sicacisa ukuthi i-EV nesiteshi sokushaja singashintshana kanjani imilayezo sisebenzisa ikhebuli yokushaja (ukuxhumana kwentambo yamandla ngemodemu ye-Home Plug Green PHY njengoba kuchazwe ku-ISO 15118-3) noma uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi ( IEEE 802.11n njengoba kubhekiselwa kuyo yi-ISO 15118-8) njengendawo ebonakalayo. Uma isixhumanisi sedatha sisethwe kahle, inethiwekhi nesendlalelo sezokuthutha ngenhla singathembela kuso ukuze sithole lokho okubizwa ngokuthi uxhumano lwe-TCP/IP ukuze uhambise kahle imilayezo esuka ku-EVCC iye ku-SECC (futhi ibuye). Isendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza phezulu sisebenzisa indlela yokuxhumana emisiwe ukushintshanisa nanoma yimuphi umlayezo ohlobene necala lokusetshenziswa, kungaba ukushaja kwe-AC, ukushaja kwe-DC, noma ukushaja okungenantambo.

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Uma kuxoxwa nge-ISO 15118 iyonke, lokhu kuhlanganisa isethi yamazinga ngaphakathi kwalesi sihloko esisodwa esiphezulu. Izindinganiso ngokwazo zihlukaniswe izingxenye. Ingxenye ngayinye idlula isethi yezigaba ezichazwe ngaphambilini ngaphambi kokuba ishicilelwe njengezinga lamazwe ngamazwe (IS). Yingakho ungathola ulwazi mayelana “nesimo” sengxenye ngayinye ezigabeni ezingezansi. Isimo sibonisa usuku lokushicilelwa kwe-IS, okuyisigaba sokugcina somugqa wesikhathi wamaphrojekthi wokulinganisa we-ISO.

Ake sicwilise engxenyeni ngayinye yedokhumenti ngazinye.

Inqubo kanye nomugqa wesikhathi wokushicilelwa kwamazinga we-ISO

Isibalo esingenhla sibonisa umugqa wesikhathi wenqubo yokumiswa ngaphakathi kwe-ISO. Inqubo iqalwa ngeSiphakamiso Sento Entsha Yomsebenzi (NWIP noma i-NP) engena esigabeni Sohlaka Lwekomidi (CD) ngemva kwesikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyi-12. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-CD isitholakala (kuphela kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe abangamalungu enhlangano yokumisa), isigaba sokuvota sezinyanga ezintathu siqala lapho labo chwepheshe benganikeza ukuphawula kokuhlela kanye nobuchwepheshe. Lapho nje isigaba sokubeka amazwana sesiqediwe, ukuphawula okuqoqiwe kuxazululwa ezingqungqutheleni zewebhu eziku-inthanethi nasemihlanganweni yobuso nobuso.

Njengomphumela walo msebenzi wokubambisana, Uhlaka Lwezinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe (DIS) lube selubhalwa futhi lushicilelwe. IQembu Elisebenzayo Elihlanganyelwe linganquma ukwenza i-CD yesibili uma kwenzeka ochwepheshe benomuzwa wokuthi lo mbhalo awukakalungeli ukuthi uthathwe njenge-DIS. I-DIS idokhumenti yokuqala okufanele yenziwe itholakale esidlangalaleni futhi ingathengwa ku-inthanethi. Esinye isigaba sokuphawula nokuvota sizokwenziwa ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-DIS, efana nenqubo yesiteji sama-CD.

Isigaba sokugcina ngaphambi Kwezinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe (IS) Uhlaka Lokugcina Lwezinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe (FDIS). Lesi yisigaba sokuzikhethela esingeqiwa uma iqembu lochwepheshe abasebenza ngaleli zinga linomuzwa wokuthi idokhumenti isifinyelele izinga elanele lekhwalithi. I-FDIS idokhumenti engavumeli noma yiziphi izinguquko ezengeziwe zobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, imibono yokuhlela kuphela evunyelwe phakathi nalesi sigaba sokubeka amazwana. Njengoba ubona esibalweni, inqubo yokumiswa kwe-ISO ingasukela ezinyangeni ezingama-24 kuye kwezingama-48 sezizonke.

Endabeni ye-ISO 15118-2, izinga selithathe ukwakheka eminyakeni emine futhi lizoqhubeka nokucwengwa njengoba kudingeka (bona ISO 15118-20). Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala isesikhathini futhi ivumelana nezimo eziningi ezihlukile zokusetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele.