Njengoba umhlaba uguqukela kwezokuthutha ezisimeme, izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ziba yingxenye ebalulekile yezwe lezimoto. Ngalolu shintsho, isidingo sokwethembeka nokusebenza kahleamasokhethi amandla emoto kagesiiye yanda, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-EV. Ukuthi ungumnikazi womuzi uhlela ukufaka iIsitolo se-EV, umnikazi webhizinisi ofuna ukuhlinzeka ngeziteshi zokushaja, noma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kanjaniukushaja imoto kagesiisebenza, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo kanye nezidingo zabo kubalulekile.
Okuqukethwe
1. Iyini Isokhethi Yamandla Emoto Kagesi?
Anisokhethi yamandla emoto kagesiiwumthombo okhethekile oklanyelwe ukushaja ibhethri lemoto kagesi (EV). Onjiniyela baklame lawa masokhethi ukuze banikeze amandlaimoto kagesi. Lokhu bakwenza ngekhebula lokushaja. Le ntambo ixhuma imoto ku-i-outlet yemoto kagesi.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo zokushaja ze-EV, ezihambisana namazinga ahlukene wesivinini sokushaja kanye ne-voltage. Amazinga okushaja ajwayelekile kakhuluIleveli 1futhiIzinga 2.Ileveli 3inketho yokushaja ngokushesha etholakala eziteshini zentengiso.
Okuvamileugesiingasebenzayokushaja imotongezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izitolo eziqondene ne-EV zingcono ekusebenzeni kahle kokushaja. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuphepha nokuhambisana nohlelo lokushaja imoto.
Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lweIsitolo se-EVngoba ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho libalulekile. Lokhu kusiza imoto yakho kagesi ukuthi ishaje ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
2. Izinhlobo Zezindawo Zokushaja Izimoto zikagesi
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitoloUkushaja kwe-EV. Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza isivinini sokushaja esihlukile futhi lusebenza ngezimoto ezihlukahlukene.
I-240-Volt Outlet Yezimoto zikagesi
II-240-volt EV yokuphumayoiyisixazululo sokushaja sokuhlala esihamba phambili, esiwela ngaphansi kwezinga lokushaja leLeveli 2 AC. Inikeza ukushaja okushesha kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphumayo okujwayelekile okungu-120-volt Level 1. Lezi zindawo ezingu-240V ngokuvamile zisukela16A kuya ku-80A izilinganiso, enquma amandla azo aphumayo (acishe abe ngu-3.8kW kuya ku-19.2kW). Kuye ngokuthiukusebenza kahle kwemoto kanye nesilinganiso samandla se-EVSE, ukushaja okungu-240V kunikeza isilinganisoAmakhilomitha angu-18 kuya kwangu-60 ububanzi ngehora. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yonke imishini ye-Level 2 kufanele isebenziseI-SAE J1772 isixhumi esijwayelekile(eNyakatho Melika), futhi ukufakwa kufanele kunamathele ngokuqinileIkhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC) Isigaba 625. Ngokuqondile,I-NEC 210.19(A)(1)ugunyaza ukuthi i-EVSE iphathwe njengeumthwalo oqhubekayo, edinga ukuthi idivayisi yesekethe neyokuvikela ibeilinganiselwe ku-125% womkhawulo wayo wamanje oqhubekayo.
A240v yokuphuma kweizimoto zikagesi zingakunikeza ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-60 ihora ngalinye. Lokhu kuncike emandleni okukhipha kanye nekhono lokushaja imoto. Ukufaka iI-240-volt outletegalaji lakho noma indawo yokupaka kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokushaja imoto yakho kagesi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ishaja ebusuku futhi ilungele ukushayela ekuseni.
I-Level 2 Charger Outlet
Okuvamileugesiingasebenzayokushaja imotongezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, izitolo eziqondene ne-EV zingcono ekusebenzeni kahle kokushaja. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuphepha nokuhambisana nohlelo lokushaja imoto.
Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lweIsitolo se-EVngoba ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho libalulekile. Lokhu kusiza imoto yakho kagesi ukuthi ishaje ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
AIndawo yeshaja ekuleveli 2kungathi aI-240-volt yokuphuma kwezimoto zikagesi. Nokho, abakhiqizi bayiklamele iziteshi zokushaja ezinamandla aphezulu.
Abantu bavamise ukusebenzisa izitolo zikaLeveli 2 ezindaweni zokuhlala, ezohwebo, neziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi. Bashaja ngokushesha kakhulu kune-outlet evamile engu-120-volt.
Ngokuvamile zengeza phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-10 no-60 ububanzi ngehora ngalinye lokushaja. Lokhu kuncike kushaja nemoto.
AIndawo yeshaja ekuleveli 2idinga ukufakwa kochwepheshe nguchwepheshe kagesi onelayisensi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana namakhodi kagesi kanye namazinga okuphepha.
I-EV Car Charger Outlet
AnIndawo yokushaja yemoto ye-EVigama elibanzi elibhekisela kunoma iyiphi indawo engase isetshenziselwe ukushaja imoto kagesi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganiseIleveli 1futhiIzinga 2izitolo zokushaja.
Kodwa-ke, iningi labanikazi be-EV bayakhethaIshaja yezinga lesi-2s ekhaya. Bakhetha i-Level 2 ngoba iyashesha futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu. IIndawo yokushaja yemoto ye-EVinezici ezibalulekile zokushaja okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kwamaphutha aphansi, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent, kanye nesisekelo esifanele.
I-EV Receptacle kanye Nezidingo Zokwamukela
AnIsitsha se-EVindawo lapho ikhebula lokushaja lixhuma khonai-outlet yemoto kagesi. Ivumela ipulaki yekhebula esokhethi ebekwe odongeni. Abaqambi kufanele bakhe i-Isitsha sokushaja se-EVukuphatha izidingo zamandla ebhethri lemoto. Kufanele ucabangele ezininganaIzidingo ze-EV receptacelapho ukhetha i-outlet ezofakwa.
Izidingo ezibalulekile zifaka:
•I-Voltage Compatibility: Indawo ephumayo kufanele ifane nezidingo zamandla kagesi ze-EV, noma ngabe isistimu engu-120V, 240V, noma engu-480V.
•Uhlobo Lokutholwa Kwe-NEMA Nezilinganiso Ze-Amperage:Izinhlobo ze-EV ezivame kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala zaseNyakatho Melika yileziI-NEMA 14-50(ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukushaja okuqhubekayo okungu-40A, okudinga i-50A breaker) kanyeI-NEMA 6-50. Ukukhetha okulungileUkucushwa kwe-NEMAkubalulekile, njengoba inquma ngokuqondileisilinganiso se-amperage, okuthonya kokubili isivinini sokushaja nokuphepha kwesistimu.
•Ukubeka phansi:Isisekelo esifanele sibalulekile ekuphepheni. Kufanele ugaye kahle indawo yokushaja i-EV ukuze ugweme izingozi zikagesi.
•Ukuvikela isimo sezulu:Okokufakwa kwangaphandle, ukumelana nesimo sezuluIzitolo zokushaja ze-EVziyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe imvula nomswakama.
3. Zisebenza Kanjani Izitolo Zokushaja I-EV?
Umgomo wokusebenza wezitolo ze-EV ulula kakhulu kodwa uncike ekuphepheni okuyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla. Uma uxhuma indawo yokushaja yemoto yakho ye-EV, inqubo elandelayo iyenzeka:
Ukugeleza kwamandla:Uma ikhebula lokushaja selixhunywe emotweni, i-outlet inikeza amandla kushaja engaphakathi kwe-EV. Le shaja iguqula amandla e-AC asuke lapho ephuma khona abe amandla e-DC ukuze ashaje ibhethri lemoto.
Izindlela Zokuphepha:Ii-outlet yemoto kagesiiqinisekisa ukuphepha ngokuqapha ukuhamba kwamandla. Uma kunenkinga ngenqubo yokuphuma noma yokushaja, isistimu izonqamula ugesi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo noma izingozi ekushiseni ngokweqile noma ekuqhumeni kukagesi.
Ukulawula Ukushaja:Imoto ixhumana nendawo yokushaja ukuze inqume isivinini sokushaja esifanele. Ezinye izitolo ze-EV zinezici ezihlakaniphile. Lezi zici zibavumela ukuthi bashintshe izinga lokushaja ngokusekelwe kumthamo wemoto namandla atholakalayo.
Ukuqedwa kokushaja:Uma ibhethri lemoto lifinyelela ekushajweni okugcwele, indawo yokuphuma iyayeka ukunikeza amandla. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo noma uma umshayeli esebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula noma ideshibhodi yemoto.
4. Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Lapho Ufaka I-EV Outlet
Ifaka ii-outlet yemoto kagesikudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuhambisana namakhodi endawo kagesi. Ngale kokuphepha okuyisisekelo, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise a"Ukuthuthukisa Izindleko Nokuqinisekisa Ikusasa" Uhlaka Lokukhetha:
Amandla kagesi kanye Nohlaka Lwezindleko
Ukuhlola ikhaya lakho noma isakhiwo sakhoumthamo kagesi ophelelekubalulekile. Inselele evamile emakhaya amadala ukuthiiphaneli enkulu kagesi ingase idinge ukuthuthukiswa(kusuka ku-100A ukuya ku-200A) ukuze kusekelwe ukushaja kweLeveli 2. Iizindleko zokuthuthukisa iphaneli eyinhloko(imvamisa esukela ku-$1,500 kuya ku-$4,500) ngokuvamile iyona ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonkeinani lezindleko zokufaka.
Indawo
Khetha indawo eseduze nendawo yakho yokupaka noma igaraji. Indawo yokuphuma kufanele ibe seduze nembobo yokushaja yemoto yakho. Uma uyifaka ngaphandle, kufanele uyivikele esimweni sezulu.
Amandla kagesi
Hlola ikhaya lakho noma isakhiwo sakhoamandla kagesi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ubone ukuthi ingawusekela yini umthwalo owengeziwe we-Indawo yokushaja ye-EV. Isifunda esizinikele futhi esifaneleizintamboziyadingeka ukuze kufakwe ngokuphephile.
Izimvume Nemithethonqubo
Ezindaweni eziningi, uzodinga imvume yokufaka iIndawo yokushaja yemoto ye-EV. Ukuqasha umuntu osebenza ngogesi onelayisensi kubalulekile. Kufanele bazi imithetho yendawo futhi bakwazi ukuphatha amaphepha.
Ukufakazela Ikusasa
Cabanga ukuthi ngabe i-Isitolo se-EVizohlangabezana nezidingo zakho esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba imoto yakho kagesi noma uxhaxha lwama-EVs lukhula, ungase udinge ukuthuthukisa isitolo noma ufake izindawo zokushaja ezengeziwe. Khetha aIndawo yeshaja ekuleveli 2ukushaja okusheshayo nokuvumelana nezimo okukhulu.
5. I-EV Charging Outlet Safety Standards
Lapho ufaka futhi usebenzisa ii-outlet yemoto kagesi, ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu. Okulandelayo amanye amazinga okuphepha ajwayelekile okufanele alandelwe:
•IIkhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC)ubeka imithetho yomsebenzi kagesi e-United States. Isetshenziswa futhi kwezinye izindawo. Ihlanganisa imihlahlandlela yokufakaIsitolo se-EVs. Le mihlahlandlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokudayisa zibekwe phansi ngendlela efanele. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi izitolo zilinganiselwe i-voltage efanele kanye ne-amperage.
•I-Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Ukuvikelwa: Isigaba se-NEC 625.54igunya i-EVSE noma isekethe yayo okufanele ibe nayoukuvikela okubalulekile kwe-GFCI. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-electrocution. Ngokuqondile forIzitolo zokushaja ze-EV zangaphandle, iyunithi kufanele ibe nendawo ebiyelwe elinganiselweI-NEMA 3R noma i-NEMA 4ukunikeza isivikelo esidingekayo kumswakama nemvula. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-Ikhomishini Yokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi (CPSC), ukusetshenziswa kwama-GFCI kwehlise kakhulu ukufa kukagesi.Sincoma ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-EVSE kuphela egunyazwe iziphathimandla eziqashelwayo njenge-UL noma i-ETLukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuphepha.
•Ama-Circuit Breakers:Isifunda esiphakelayoIndawo yokushaja ye-EVkufanele ibe ne-breaker ezinikele ukuvimbela ukugcwala kukagesi. AI-240-volt outletngokuvamile idinga i-40-50 amp breaker, kuye ngezidingo zamandla emoto yakho.
6. Izinzuzo Zokufaka Indawo Yokushaja I-EV Ekhaya
Ifaka iIsitolo se-EVekhaya inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulukazi abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi:
•Ukunethezeka: Ukushaja ekhaya kusho ukuthi awudingi ukuvakashela iziteshi zomphakathi futhi ulinde kulayini. Vele uxhume imoto yakho uma ufika ekhaya, futhi izoshaja ngokugcwele ekuseni.
•Ukonga Izindleko: Ukushaja ekhaya kuvame ukushibhile kunokusebenzisa iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela amanani aphansi wensizakalo phakathi namahora okungasebenzi.
•PhezuluImpahla Inani: Ukwengeza ii-outlet yemoto kagesiingakhuphula inani lekhaya lakho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi njengoba abantu abaningi befuna ama-EV neziteshi zokushaja.
•Yehlisa I-Carbon Footprint: Ukushaja imoto yakho ekhaya ngamandla avuselelekayo kungehlisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yakho. Ukusebenzisa ama-solar panel kungenye yezindlela zokwenza lokhu.
7. Inqubo yokufaka i-EV Outlet
Inqubo yokufaka i-EV outlet ibandakanya lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1.Ukuhlolwa Kwesayithi:Osebenza ngogesi onelayisensi uzohlola isistimu yakho kagesi. Bazobheka izidingo zokushaja imoto yakho futhi bathole indawo engcono kakhulu yokuphuma.
2.Ukufaka Isekethe ezinikezele:Osebenza ngogesi uzomisa isekethe ezinikele yeIndawo yokushaja ye-EV. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ingakwazi ukuphatha umthwalo odingekayo.
3.Ukukhweza i-Outlet:I-outlet ifakwe endaweni elula, kungaba ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle, kuye ngokuthanda kwakho.
4.Ukuhlola:Ngemva kokufaka, osebenza ngogesi uzohlola indawo yokuphuma ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isebenza kahle futhi iphephile.
8. Isiphetho
Ukukhetha okulungileisokhethi yamandla emoto kagesiibalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukushaja okungenamthungo futhi okuphumelelayo. Ukufaka iI-240-volt yokuphuma kwezimoto zikagesi, udinga ukwazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitolo ze-EV.
Lokhu kuhlanganisaIshaja yezinga lesi-2s futhi eziyisisekeloIsitsha sokushaja se-EVs. Ukuqonda lezi zinketho kubalulekile ekufakeni kwakho. Udinga futhi ukwazi izidingo zabo zokufaka.
Ukutshala imali ekusetheni ukushaja okulungile kuyazuzisa. Ikuvumela ukuthi ushaje imoto yakho kagesi ekhaya.
Lokhu kunikeza lula futhi kongela imali. Uzosiza nemvelo. Qiniseka ukuthi ukufakwa kwakho kulandela imithetho yendawo. Futhi, cabanga ngokufakazela ukusetha kwakho esikhathini esizayo njengoba imakethe yezimoto zikagesi ishintsha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-11-2024