Njengoba izimoto zikagesi (EVs) ziba ezijwayelekile, ukuqonda umehluko phakathiUkushaja okusheshayo kwe-DCfuthiUkushaja kweleveli 2ibalulekile kubo bobabili abanikazi be-EV bamanje nabangase babe khona. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezibalulekile, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo yendlela ngayinye yokushaja, ikusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi inketho efanelekela izidingo zakho. Kusukela kusivinini sokushaja nezindleko kuya ekufakeni kanye nomthelela kwezemvelo, sihlanganisa konke odinga ukukwazi ukuze wenze ukukhetha unolwazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukushaja ekhaya, usohambeni, noma uhambo olude, lo mhlahlandlela ojulile unikeza ukuqhathanisa okucacile ukukusiza uzulazule emhlabeni oguqukayo wokushaja kwe-EV.
Okuqukethwe
Kuyini Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-DC futhi Kusebenza Kanjani?
Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC (DCFC)iyindlela enamandla amakhulu eguqula i-Alternating Current (AC) ibeI-High-Voltage Direct Current (DC) ngaphakathi kweyunithi yokushaja. Lawa mashaja ngokuvamile asebenza ngo400V noma 800V amazinga voltage ekilasini, ekhipha amandla ku50 kW kufika ku-350 kW (noma ngaphezulu), ibuswa nguI-IEC 61851-23 amazinga. I-DCFCyeqa isiguquli se-AC/DC esisebhodinifuthi iphakela amandla e-DC amanje kakhulu ngqo kubhethri le-EV ngezixhumi ezikhethekile (njengeI-CCS, CHAdeMO, noma NACS). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo yokushaja okusheshayo ilawulwa ngokuqinile ngezivumelwano zokuxhumana ezifanaISO 15118 or I-OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol)ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha kanye nokushaja okuphelele.
Umgomo wokusebenza wokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC uhlanganisa ukunikezwa kwamanje ngokuqondile ebhethri le-EV, ukweqa ishaja yemoto engaphakathi. Lokhu kulethwa kwamandla okusheshayo kuvumela izimoto ukuthi zishaje emizuzwini engama-30 kwezinye izimo, okuyenza ilungele ukuhamba komgwaqo omkhulu nezindawo lapho kudingeka ukushajwa kabusha okusheshayo.
Izici Ezibalulekile Ongaxoxa Ngazo:
• Izinhlobo zamashaja asheshayo e-DC (CHAdeMO, CCS, Tesla Supercharger)
• Isivinini sokushaja (isb, 50 kW ukuya ku-350 kW)
• Izindawo lapho kutholakala khona amashaja asheshayo e-DC (imigwaqo emikhulu, izindawo zokushaja zasemadolobheni)
Kuyini Ukushaja Kweleveli 2 futhi Iqhathaniswa Kanjani Nokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-DC?
Ukushaja Level 2izimpahlaI-240V yesigaba esisodwa Esishintshashintshayo Yamanje (AC)(eNyakatho Melika), enamandla asuka ku-3.3 kW kuya ku-19.2 kW. Ishaja Yezinga 2 (EVSE) isebenza njenge-switch yokuphepha ehlakaniphile, eneshaja yemoto engaphakathi ephethe ukuguqulwa kwe-AC-to-DC. ENyakatho Melika, ukufakwa kweLeveli 2 kufanele kuhambisane nayoI-UL 2594isitifiketi futhi silandele ngokuqinileIkhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC) Isigaba 625. Lokhu ngokuvamile kudinga aozinikele 40A noma 50A isekethe, lapho zonke izingxenye kufanele zilinganiselwe125%yobuningi bamanje obuqhubekayo beshaja.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushaja kweLeveli 2 kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC usejubaneni lenqubo yokushaja. Nakuba amashaja eLeveli 2 ehamba kancane, alungele ukushajwa ebusuku noma emsebenzini lapho abasebenzisi bengashiya khona izimoto zabo zixhunyiwe isikhathi eside.
Izici Ezibalulekile Ongaxoxa Ngazo:
• Ukuqhathanisa okukhipha amandla (isb, 240V AC vs. 400V-800V DC)
• Isikhathi sokushaja seLeveli 2 (isb, amahora ama-4-8 ukuze ukhokhiswe ngokugcwele)
• Izimo ezikahle zokusebenzisa (ukushaja kwasekhaya, ukushaja ibhizinisi, iziteshi zomphakathi)
Imuphi Umehluko Obalulekile Esivinini Sokushaja Phakathi Kwe-DC Fast Charging kanye Nezinga 2?
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kanye nokushaja kweLeveli 2 usejubaneni ngalinye elingashaja ngalo i-EV. Nakuba amashaja eLeveli 2 ehlinzeka ngokushaja okunensa, nokunganyakazi kwejubane, amashaja asheshayo e-DC aklanyelwe ukugcwalisa ngokushesha amabhethri e-EV.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwesivinini semodi yokushaja (Kusekelwe kubhethri engu-75 kWh)
| Imodi yokushaja | Ibanga Lamandla Elijwayelekile | Ibanga Ngehora (RPH) | Isikhathi Sokushaja 200 Miles | I-Ideal Use Case |
| Ileveli 2 (L2) | 7.7 kW | 23 amamayela | Cishe. Amahora angu-8.7 | Ukushaja Kwasekhaya/Umsebenzi Wasebusuku |
| I-DC Fast Charge (DCFC) | 150 kW | 450 amamayela | Cishe. 27 Amaminithi | Uhambo Lomgwaqo, Izibaseli Zezimo Eziphuthumayo |
Izinhlobo Zebhethri Zisithinta Kanjani Isivinini sokushaja?
Ikhemikhali yebhethri idlala indima ebalulekile ekutheni i-EV ingashajwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi namuhla zisebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion), anezici zokushaja ezihlukile.
• Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion: Lawa mabhethri ayakwazi ukwamukela ukushajwa kwemisinga ephezulu, okuwenza afanelekele kokubili ukushaja okusheshayo kweLeveli 2 ne-DC. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushaja liyehla njengoba ibhethri isondela ekungeneni ngokugcwele ukuvimbela ukushisa nokulimala.
• Amabhethri e-Solid-State: Ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthembisa izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje. Kodwa-ke, ama-EV amaningi namuhla asathembele kumabhethri e-lithium-ion, futhi isivinini sokushaja sivamise ukubuswa ishaja engaphakathi kwemoto nesistimu yokuphatha ibhethri.
Ingxoxo:
• Kungani ukushaja kuncipha njengoba ibhethri ligcwala (ukuphathwa kwebhethri nemikhawulo yokushisa)
• Umehluko kuzilinganiso zokushaja phakathi kwamamodeli e-EV (isibonelo, i-Teslas vs. Nissan Leafs)
• Umthelela wokushaja okusheshayo empilweni yebhethri yesikhathi eside
Yiziphi Izindleko Ezihlotshaniswa Nokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-DC vs Ukushaja Kwezinga 2?
Izindleko zokushaja ziwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kubanikazi be-EV. Izindleko zokushaja zincike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nenani likagesi, isivinini sokushaja, kanye nokuthi umsebenzisi usekhaya noma esiteshini sokushaja somphakathi.
| I-Cost Factor | Ukushaja Kwekhaya Leveli 2 (240V AC) | Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC (DCFC) |
| Isilinganiso samandla (Isisekelo) | Cishe.$0.16/kWh(Ngokusekelwe kuI-EIA 2024izilinganiso zokuhlala) | Ibanga ukusuka$0.35 kuya ku-$0.60/kWh(Ngokusekelwe kuI-NREL 2024idatha yokuthengisa yomphakathi) |
| 75 kWh Izindleko zokushaja ezigcwele | Cishe.$12.00(Izindleko zamandla kuphela) | Ibanga ukusuka$26.25 ukuze $45.00(Izindleko zamandla kuphela) |
| Izindleko Zokufaka Ngaphambili | Akubandakanyiizindleko zangaphambili (Avg.$1,000 - $2,500yehadiwe kanye nabasebenzi) | Iphakeme kakhulu(Amashumi ezinkulungwane kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-USD) |
| I-Premium/Izinkokhelo | Okuncane (Izilinganiso Zesikhathi Sokusebenzisa zingasebenza) | I-premium ephezulu (Imvamisa ihlanganisaizinkokhelo zokungenzi lutho ngomzuzu ngamunyekanye nezindleko zokufuna) |
Yiziphi Izidingo Zokufaka Zokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-DC & Ukushaja Kwezinga 2?
Ukufaka ishaja ye-EV kudinga ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile zikagesi. NgobaAmashaja ezinga lesi-2, inqubo yokufaka ngokuvamile iqondile, kuyilaphoAmashaja asheshayo e-DCzidinga ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ukufakwa Ukushaja Kwezinga lesi-2: Ukuze ufake ishaja Yezinga 2 ekhaya, isistimu kagesi kufanele ikwazi ukusekela i-240V, ngokuvamile edinga isekethe ezinikele engu-30-50 amp. Abanikazi bezindlu ngokuvamile badinga ukuqasha umuntu osebenza ngogesi ukuze afake ishaja.
• Ukufakwa Ukushaja Okusheshayo kwe-DC: Amashaja asheshayo e-DC adinga amasistimu kagesi aphezulu (imvamisa engu-400-800V), kanye nengqalasizinda kagesi ethuthuke kakhulu, njengokuphakelwa kwamandla kwezigaba ezi-3. Lokhu kubenza babize kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuzifaka, kanti ezinye izindleko zifinyelela emashumini ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.
• Izinga 2: Ukufakwa okulula, izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
• Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC: Idinga amasistimu anamandla kagesi aphezulu, ukufakwa okumba eqolo.
Akuphi Amashaja Asheshayo e-DC Ngokujwayelekile Atholakala Kuqhathaniswa Namashaja Ezinga 2?
Amashaja asheshayo e-DCzivame ukufakwa ezindaweni lapho izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha zidingeka khona, njengasemigwaqweni emikhulu, ezindaweni zokuvakasha ezinkulu, noma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziminyene. Amashaja eLeveli 2, ngakolunye uhlangothi, atholakala ekhaya, ezindaweni zokusebenza, ezindaweni zokupaka zomphakathi, nasezindaweni zokudayisa, anikeza izinketho zokushaja ezihamba kancane, ezongayo.
• Izindawo zokushaja ezisheshayo ze-DC: Izikhumulo zezindiza, izindawo zokuphumula zemigwaqo enguthelawayeka, iziteshi zikaphethiloli, namanethiwekhi okushaja omphakathi njengeziteshi ze-Tesla Supercharger.
• Izindawo Zokushaja Zezinga lesi-2: Amagaraji okuhlala, izinxanxathela zezitolo, izakhiwo zamahhovisi, amagalaji okupaka, nezindawo zentengiso.
Isivinini sokushaja siwuthinta kanjani umuzwa wokushayela we-EV?
Isivinini i-EV engashajwa ngaso sinomthelela oqondile kulwazi lomsebenzisi.Amashaja asheshayo e-DCukunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphumula, okubenza balungele uhambo olude lapho ukushajwa kabusha okusheshayo kubalulekile. Ngokolunye uhlangothi,Amashaja ezinga lesi-2zifanele abasebenzisi abakwazi ukukhokhela izikhathi zokushaja ezinde, njengokushaja ebusuku ekhaya noma phakathi nosuku lomsebenzi.
• Ukuhamba Amabanga Amade: Ohambweni lwemigwaqo nohambo lwebanga elide, amashaja asheshayo e-DC abalulekile, okuvumela abashayeli ukuthi bashaje ngokushesha futhi baqhubeke nohambo lwabo ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okukhulu.
• Ukusetshenziswa Kwansuku zonke: Ngohambo lwansuku zonke nohambo olufushane, amashaja eLeveli 2 anikeza isixazululo esanele nesingabizi kakhulu.
Ithini Imithelela Yezemvelo Yokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-DC vs Ukushaja Kwezinga 2?
Ngokombono wemvelo, kokubili ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kanye nokushaja kweLeveli 2 kunokucatshangelwa okuhlukile. Amashaja asheshayo e-DC asebenzisa ugesi owengeziwe ngesikhathi esifushane, okungabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kumagridi endawo. Nokho, umthelela wemvelo uncike kakhulu emthonjeni wamandla onika amashaja amandla.
• Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC: Uma kubhekwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, amashaja asheshayo e-DC angaba nomthelela ekungazinzini kwegridi ezindaweni ezinengqalasizinda enganele. Kodwa-ke, uma inikwe amandla ngemithombo evuselelekayo efana nelanga noma umoya, umthelela wabo wemvelo wehla kakhulu.
• Ukushaja kwezinga lesi-2: Amashaja eLeveli 2 anophawu oluncane lwendawo yemvelo ngokushajwa ngakunye, kodwa umthelela oqongelelekayo wokushaja okusabalele ungase ubeke ingcindezi kumagridi kagesi endawo, ikakhulukazi phakathi namahora aphakeme.
Liphetheni Ikusasa Ukushaja Ngokushesha kwe-DC kanye Nokushaja Kwezinga 2?
Njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-EV kuqhubeka nokukhula, kokubili ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kanye nokushajwa kweLeveli 2 kuyashintsha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokushintsha kwezwe lezimoto. Izindlela ezintsha zesikhathi esizayo zihlanganisa:
• Amashaja asheshayo e-DC: Ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengeziteshi zokushaja ezishesha kakhulu (350 kW nangaphezulu), ziyavela ukuze kuncishiswe izikhathi zokushaja ngokuqhubekayo.
• Ingqalasizinda yokushaja ehlakaniphile: Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja obuhlakaniphile obungathuthukisa izikhathi zokushaja futhi bulawule ukufunwa kwamandla.
• Ukushaja okungenantambo: Amathuba awo womabili amashaja asheshayo eLeveli 2 kanye ne-DC ukuthi aguqukele kumasistimu wokushaja angenantambo (okufundisayo).
Isiphetho
Isinqumo phakathi kokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC nokushajwa kweLeveli 2 ekugcineni sincike ezidingweni zomsebenzisi, imininingwane yemoto, nemikhuba yokushaja. Ukushaja okusheshayo, osendleleni, amashaja asheshayo e-DC ayinketho ecacile. Nokho, ukuze kube nezindleko eziphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, amashaja eLeveli 2 anikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile.
Umuzwa Wokuqina we-Linkpower:Njengoumkhiqizi one-EVSE R&D ebanzi kanye nolwazi lwephrojekthi, seluleka amaklayenti ezentengiselwano athumela iziteshi zokushaja ukuthi azisebenziseIphrothokholi ye-OCPPokweUkuphathwa komthwalo ohlakaniphile kanye nokuthintana nochwepheshe bezogesi abanolwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa komthethoIzindinganiso ze-NEC/ULfuthiimithetho yokuxhuma igridi yosizo. Idatha yethu iphakamisa lokhoukusetshenziswa kwe-smart Level 2 (kunokuthembela ngokweqile ku-DCFC)inikeza i-ROI yesikhathi eside ephezulu kakhulu ezimweni zokuhlala zezentengiselwano kanye namayunithi amaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-08-2024