Ukushintshwa komhlaba wonke ngezimoto zikagesi (EVS) kutholile umfutho obalulekile kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Njengoba ohulumeni bacindezela izixazululo ze-Greener Transport kanye nabathengi bamukele ngokwengeziwe izimoto ezinobungani be-Eco, isidingo seAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVsekweqile. Ukufakwa kukagesi kwezokuhamba akuseyona inkambiso kodwa isidingo, futhi amabhizinisi anethuba elihlukile lokuzibandakanya kulolu shintsho lokuhlinzeka ngengqalasizinda ethembekile yokushaja.
Ngo-2023, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi zazisemigwaqweni emhlabeni wonke, futhi le nombolo ilindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke ikhuphuka kakhulu. Ukusekela lokhu kuguqulwa, ukwanda kweIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa Izimotokubalulekile. Lezi ziteshi zibalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuthi abanikazi be-EV bangakhokhisa izimoto zabo kodwa futhi bakha inethiwekhi eqinile, efinyeleleka futhi eqhubekayo yokushaja enikeza ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwezimoto zikagesi. Noma ngabe ku-aIsiteshi Sokushaja KwezentengisoEsikhungweni sezitolo noma esakhiweni samahhovisi, amashaja we-EV manje asekhona amabhizinisi afuna ukufeza izidingo zabathengi abazibonela imvelo.
Kulesi umhlahlandlela, sizonikeza ukubukeka okujulileAmashaja wezentengiso e-EV, Ukusiza amabhizinisi aqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zamashaja atholakalayo, ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani iziteshi ezifanele, lapho ungazifaka khona, kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nazo. Sizohlola nezinkuthazo zikahulumeni nokunakekelwa kwesondlo ukusiza abanikazi bebhizinisi basebenzise izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho befakaIziteshi zokushaja ze-EV.
1. Iziphi izindawo ezifanele ukufakwa kokufakwa kwesiteshi se-EV ukushaja?
Impumelelo ka-aIshaja yezentengiso e-EVUkufakwa kuncike kakhulu endaweni yayo. Ukufaka iziteshi zokushaja ezindaweni ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu ne-ROI. Amabhizinisi adinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela impahla yawo ngokucophelela, ukusebenza kwamakhasimende, namaphethini omgwaqo ukuthola ukuthi ungayifaka kuphiIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa Izimoto.
1.1 Izifunda Zentengiso Nezikhungo Zokuthenga
Izifunda Zentengisona-Izikhungo Zokuthengaziphakathi kwezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zeIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa Izimoto. Lezi zindawo eziphakeme zethrafikhi ziheha uhla oluhlukahlukene lwabavakashi okungenzeka basebenzise isikhathi esibalulekile endaweni - benza basebenze kahle ngokukhokhiswa kwe-EV.
Abanini bama-EV bazokwazisa ukusebenziseka kokushaja izimoto zabo ngenkathi bethenga, bedlela, noma benza imisebenzi.Iziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto ZemotoKulezi zindawo kunikeza amabhizinisi ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuzihlukanisa nabancintisana. Akugcini nje ngokuheha amakhasimende akwazi ukuwamukela imvelo, kodwa futhi basiza amabhizinisi akhe ubuqiniso bokusimandla kwabo. Ngokwengeziwe, iziteshi zokushaja kuUkufakwa Kwezimoto Zokushaja Ukushaja Kwamaphepha WokushajaEzikhungweni zezitolo kungakhiqiza imali eyengeziwe nge-Pay-Per-Special Models noma amasu wobulungu.
1.2 izindawo zokusebenza
Ngenombolo ekhulayo yeabanikazi bezimoto zikagesi, Ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokushaja kwe-EV ezindaweni zokusebenza kungukuhamba kwamasu amabhizinisi abheke ukuheha nokugcina ithalente. Abasebenzi abashayela izimoto zikagesi bazohlomula ngokufinyelela kuIshaja yemoto kagesi kagesiNgesikhathi sokusebenza, ukunciphisa isidingo sokuthi bathembele ekushaja kwasekhaya.
Kwamabhizinisi,Ukufakwa Kweshaja ye-EVEmsebenzini kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi kanye nokwethembeka, ngenkathi kufaka isandla kwizinhloso zokusima kokuqina. Kuyindlela yokucabanga phambili yokubonisa abasebenzi ukuthi inkampani isekela ukuguqulwa kokuhlanza amandla.
1.3 Izakhiwo zasefulethini
Njengoba abantu abaningi bashintshela ezimotweni zikagesi, ezakhiweni zasefulethini nasezakhiweni zezindlu zemindeni eminingi zingaphansi kwengcindezi eyandayo yokunikeza izisombululo ezishaja izakhamizi zazo. Ngokungafani nezindlu zomndeni owodwa, abahlali basefulethini ngokuvamile abakwazi ukufinyelela ukushaja kwasekhaya, okwenzaAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVIsici esidingekayo ezakhiweni zanamuhla zokuhlala.
NikezaUkufakwa Kwezimoto Zokushaja Ukushaja Kwamaphepha WokushajaEzakhiweni zasefulethini kungenza izakhiwo zikhange ngokwengeziwe kubaqashi abangahle babe ngabaqashi, ikakhulukazi labo abangabakho noma abahlela ukuthenga imoto kagesi. Kwezinye izimo, futhi kungakhulisa amanani empahla, ngoba izakhamizi eziningi zizobeka phambili amakhaya nge-EV Shading ingqalasizinda.
1.4 Amaphoyinti Wenkonzo Yasekhaya
Amaphoyinti wesevisi yasendaweni, njengeziteshi zegesi, izitolo ezilula, kanye nezindawo zokudlela, ziyizindawo ezinhle zeIziteshi zokushaja ze-EV. Lezi zindawo zivame ukubona amavolumu aphezulu wethrafikhi, futhi abanikazi be-EV bangakhokhisa izimoto zabo ngenkathi beyeka uphethiloli, ukudla, noma izinsizakalo ezisheshayo.
NgokunezelaIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto ZemotoNgamaphoyinti wesevisi yasendaweni, amabhizinisi anganakekela izithameli ezibanzi futhi ahlukanise imifudlana yabo yemali engenayo. Ingqalasizinda yokushaja iya ngokuya ibaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini, ikakhulukazi njengoba abantu abaningi bathembela ezimotweni zikagesi zokuhamba ibanga elide.
2
Lapho ukhetha aIshaja yezentengiso e-EV, izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kufanele zibhekwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isiteshi sihlangabezana nezidingo zebhizinisi kanye nalabo abasebenzisi be-EV. Ukuqonda izinhlobo zeziteshi zokushaja kanye nezinto zabo zibalulekile ngokwenza isinqumo esinolwazi.
2.1 Iziteshi ezi-1 zokushaja
Iziteshi ezi-1 zokushajayindlela elula futhi engabizi kakhulu ye-Ishaja lemoto kagesi kagesi. Lawa ma-Charger asebenzisa indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile ye-120V futhi ajwayele ukushaja i-EV ngesilinganiso samamayela angama-2-5 webanga ngehora.Izinga le-1 Chargerzilungele izindawo lapho kuzobekwe khona ama-EVS isikhathi eside, njengezindawo zokusebenza noma izakhiwo zamafulethi.
LaphoIziteshi ezi-1 zokushajaAkubizi ukufaka, zihamba kancane kunezinye izinketho, futhi kungenzeka zingalungele izindawo zethrafikhi ephezulu lapho abanikazi be-EV badinga amacala asheshayo.
2.2 Level 2 Iziteshi Zokushaja Izimoto Zemoto
Izinga 2 Chargerluhlobo oluvame kakhuluAmashaja wezentengiso e-EV. Basebenza kwisekethe engu-240V futhi bangakhokhisa imoto kagesi izikhathi 4-6 ngokushesha kunokubaIzinga le-1 Charger. AIzinga lezentengiso le-2 EV ChargerIngavame ukuhlinzeka ngamamayela ayi-10-25 webanga ngehora lokushaja, kuya ngeshaja kanye nomthamo wemoto.
Kumabhizinisi ezindaweni lapho amakhasimende kungenzeka ahlale isikhathi eside - njengezikhungo zokuthenga, izakhiwo zehhovisi kanye nezindlu-Izinga 2 Chargerziyisixazululo esisebenzayo nesingabizi. Lawa ma-Charger angukukhetha okuhle kwamabhizinisi afuna ukuhlinzeka ngensizakalo ethembekile futhi esheshayo yokushaja abanikazi be-EV.
2.3 Iziteshi ezi-3 zokushaja - I-DC Fast Chargers
Iziteshi ezi-3 zokushaja, obeye aziwe njengoAmashaja asheshayo we-DC, nikeza isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo, ukuzenza elungele izindawo eziphakeme zethrafikhi lapho amakhasimende edinga ukushaja okusheshayo. Lezi ziteshi zisebenzisa umthombo wamandla we-480V DC futhi zingakhokhisa i-EV ibe ngu-80% cishe imizuzu engama-30.
LaphoIzinga le-3 ChargerKuyabiza kakhulu ukufaka nokugcina, babalulekile ekusekeleni ukuhamba ibanga elide futhi babheke kumakhasimende adinga imali esheshayo. Izindawo ezifana nokuphumula komgwaqo omkhulu, izifunda ezimatasa ezentengiso, kanye nama-transit hubs alungeleAmashaja asheshayo we-DC.
I-3
E-US, kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene nezinkuthazo ezenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kweIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa Izimoto. Lawa madili asiza ukulungisa izindleko eziphezulu phezulu futhi akwenze kube lula kumabhizinisi ukuthi atshale ingqalasizinda ye-EV.
3.1 Amakhredithi we-Federal tax amashaja wemoto kagesi kagesi
Ukufaka amabhizinisiAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVingahle ifanelekile ukuthola amakhredithi wentela yenhlangano. Ngaphansi kwemihlahlandlela yamanje ye-Federal, izinkampani zingathola kuze kube yi-30% yezindleko zokufakwa, kuze kufike ku- $ 30,000 ukuze kufakwe iziteshi zokushaja ezindaweni ezentengiselwano. Lesi sikhuthazo sinciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wezezimali sokufakwa futhi ugqugquzela amabhizinisi ukuba amukele ingqalasizinda ye-EV.
3.2 Izinhlelo Zokwenza Izingqalasizi Zezingqalasizinda Zezingqalasizinda Zezimoto Zenform (NEVI)
Le khasiIzinhlelo Zobuntu Zomhlaka Kazwelonke Zokwenza Izingqalasizinda Ze-National Chift (Nevi)Nikela ngemali yenhlangano kumabhizinisi nohulumeni ukufakwa kweziteshi zokushaja i-EV. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukudala inethiwekhi kazwelonke yamashaja asheshayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abanikazi be-EV bangafinyelela iziteshi ezithembekile zokushaja ezweni lonke.
Ngokusebenzisa i-nevi, amabhizinisi angafaka isicelo sokwenza imali ukusiza ukumboza izindleko zeUkufakwa Kweshaja ye-EV, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukufaka isandla kwi-ecostem ekhulayo ev.
4. Izindleko Zokufaka Izimoto Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokushaja
Izindleko zokufakaIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa IzimotoKuya ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lweshaja, indawo, kanye nengqalasizinda kagesi ekhona.
4.1 Ingqalasizinda Yezimoto Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokushaja
Ingqalasizinda edingekayo yokufakaAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVimvamisa isici esibizayo kakhulu sephrojekthi. Amabhizinisi angadinga ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zawo zikagesi, kufaka phakathi abaguquli, abaphuke kakhulu, kanye nentambo, ukwamukela izidingo zamandlaIleveli 2 or Amashaja asheshayo we-DC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphaneli kagesi angadinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze aphathe i-apperage ephakeme edingekayo kumashaja ezentengiselwano.
Ukufakwa Kwezimoto Zokushaja Kwezimoto Ezingu-4.2
Izindleko zeUkufakwa Kweshaja ye-EVKufaka phakathi umsebenzi ukufaka amayunithi nanoma iyiphi i-wiring edingekayo. Lokhu kungahluka ngokuya ngobulukhuni besayithi lokufaka. Ukufaka amashaja entuthukweni entsha noma izakhiwo ezinengqalasizinda ekhona kungabiza kakhulu kunokuphinda usebenzise kabusha izakhiwo ezindala.
4.3 Iziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Ezinethiwekhi
Amashaja wenethiwekhi ahlinzeka ngamabhizinisi ngekhono lokuqapha ukusetshenziswa, ukulandelela izinkokhelo, futhi alondoloze iziteshi ukude. Ngenkathi izinhlelo zenethiwekhi zinezindleko eziphakeme zokufaka, zinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile nezinzuzo zokusebenza, kubenza babe nokutshalwa kwemali okusebenzayo kwamabhizinisi abheke ukunikela ngesipiliyoni sokushaja okungenamthungo kumakhasimende.
I-5. Iziteshi zomphakathi ezithengiswayo zokushaja imoto kagesi
Ukufakwa kanye nokugcinwa kweIziteshi Zokushaja Zomphakathi Zokuthengiswa Kwezimoto Zomphakathidinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziteshi zihlala zisebenza futhi zitholakala kubo bonke abanikazi be-EV.
5.1 Ukuthengiswa Kwezimoto Zomkhakha Wezimoto Zemoto Ukuxhumana
Amashaja wezentengiso e-EVSebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumi, kufaka phakathiI-SAE J1772ingomaneIzinga 2 Charger, futhiChadepho or Ama-CCIzixhumi zeAmashaja asheshayo we-DC. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi afakeIziteshi Zokushaja Kwezimoto Zokuthengisa Izimotoezihambisana nezixhumi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-EVS endaweni yazo.
Ukulungiswa kweziteshi zokukhokhiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zentengiso
Ukulondolozwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni lokhoIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVzihlala zisebenza futhi zithembekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izibuyekezo zesoftware, ukuhlolwa kwe-Hardware, kanye nezinkinga zokuxazulula izinkinga njengokuphuma kwamandla noma izinkinga zokuxhumana. Amabhizinisi amaningi akhetha izinkontileka zensiza ukuqinisekisa ezazoAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVzigcinwa kahle futhi ziqhubeke nokuhlinzeka ngenkonzo ethembekile kumakhasimende.
Njengoba izimoto zikagesi ziyaqhubeka nokuthandwa, isidingo seIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVkulindeleke ukuthi kuvuke. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela indawo efanele, uhlobo lweshaja, kanye nozakwethu zokufaka, amabhizinisi angasebenzisa imali ngesidingo esikhulayo sengqalasizinda ye-EV. Izisusa ezinjengezikweletu ze-Federal tax kanye nohlelo lwe-nevi zenza ukuguqulwa kuAmashaja wezentengiso e-EVOkungabizi kakhulu, ngenkathi ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi utshalomali lwakho luhlala lusebenza iminyaka ezayo.
Ukuthi ufuna ukufakaIzinga lezentengiso le-2 eV Chargeremsebenzini wakho noma kwinethiwekhi yeAmashaja asheshayo we-DCesikhungweni sezitolo, ukutshala imali ngaphakathiIziteshi zokushaja ze-EVukukhethwa okuhle kwamabhizinisi afuna ukuhlala ngaphambi kwejika. Ngolwazi olufanele nokuhlelela, ungakha ingqalasizinda yokushaja okungahambisani nezidingo zanamuhla kuphela kepha futhi ilungiselelwe ukuvuselelwa kwakusasa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-03-2024