Ukuhlaziywa kanye nombono wemoto kagesi kanye ne-EV Charger Market eMelika

Ukuhlaziywa kanye nombono wemoto kagesi kanye ne-EV Charger Market eMelika
Ngenkathi ubhubhane selishaye izimboni eziningi, imoto kagesi kanye nomkhakha wengqalasizinda wokushaja ubehlukile. Ngisho nemakethe yase-US, engakaze ibe ngumlingisi womhlaba ovelele, iqala ukukhuphuka.
Esibikezelweni semakethe yemoto kagesi e-US ngonyaka we-2023, i-US Tech Blog TechCrunch yathe isenzo sokunciphisa ukwehla kwamanani (i-IRA), idlulile umthelela omkhulu embonini yezimoto zikagesi, kanti inezezimoto ezisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amaketanga namafektri abo e-United States.
Hhayi uTesla no-GM kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkampani ezifana neFord, Nissan, Rivian neVolkswagen, zizosizakala.
Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi e-US kwalawulwa amamodeli ambalwa, njenge-model s, imodeli y kanye nemodeli 3, i-chevrolet's Bolt kanye neFord's Mustang Mach-E. I-2023 izobona amamodeli amasha aphezulu aqhamuke njengoba amafektri amasha eza emfuleni, futhi azobiza kakhulu.
UMcKinsey ubikezela ukuthi ama-automateker wendabuko kanye nokuqala kwe-EV azokhiqiza amamodeli amasha angama-400 ngo-2023.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze sisekele ukwakhiwa kokushaja ingqalasizinda yenqwaba yokushaja, i-US yamemezela ukuthi izohlelela isabelomali esingu-7,5 billion ngo-2022 ukwakha iziteshi ezi-500,000 ukushaja umphakathi. Inhlangano engenzi nzuzo i-ICCT ilinganisa ukuthi ngo-2030, isidingo sesiteshi sokushaja komphakathi e-United States sizodlula izigidi eziyi-1.
Imakethe yemoto ekhulayo kagesi
Imakethe yemoto kagesi yomhlaba wonke, kufaka phakathi imoto ye-hybrid kagesi (HEV), i-plug-in hybrid motor kagesi (Pluv) nemoto kagesi yebhethri (i-bev) kanye nemoto kagesi (i-bev), iyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka endaweni enokhahlo kwe-covid-19 ubhubhane lwe-19.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lweMcKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021), naphezu kokushayelwa phansi okuphelele kokuthengisa izimoto zomhlaba wonke, futhi ngekota yesithathu yezimoto kagesi empeleni zidlula izinga langaphambi kwe-19.
Ikakhulu, ukuthengiswa eYurophu naseChina kwanda ngo-60% no-80% ngokulandelana kwikota yesine ngaphezulu kwekota edlule, kucindezela izinga lokungena emotweni yemoto yomhlaba wonke ku-REDORDER ephezulu ye-6%. Ngenkathi i-US ihlala ngemuva kwezinye izifunda ezimbili, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kwakhula cishe ngo-200% phakathi kwe-Q2 2020 ne-Q2 2021, ukufaka isandla ekuzuzeni izinga lokungena elisekhaya lika-3.6% ngesikhathi sobhubhane (bheka umfanekiso 1).

Umdwebo 1 - Umthombo: Isifundo seMcKinsey (Fischer et al., 2021)
Kodwa-ke, ukubhekisisa ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kokubhalisa kwe-EV kulo lonke elase-US kwembula ukuthi ukukhula kwe-EV Adoption kungenzeki ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izifunda; Ixhumeka kakhulu ngobuningi babantu kanye nokwanda kwezindawo zedolobha elikhulu futhi iyahlukahluka ngesifundazwe, kanti ezinye izifundazwe zinamanani aphezulu okubhalisa kwa-EV namanani wokutholwa kokutholwa (Umdwebo 2).

Omunye ongaphandle uhlala eCalifornia. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezemininingwane KaMnyango Wezemininingwane Kahulumeni wase-US, ukubhaliswa kwezimoto kagesi kagesi eCalifornia kufinyelela ku-425,300 ngonyaka ka-2020, okumele ama-42% wokubhalisa kwezimoto kagesi kwesizwe. Lokho kungaphezulu kwezikhathi eziyisikhombisa inani lokubhaliswa eFlorida, elinenombolo yesibili ephezulu kakhulu yezimoto zikagesi ezibhalisiwe.
Amakamu amabili eMakethe Yesiteshi Sokushaja saseMelika
Ngaphandle kweChina naseYurophu, i-United States iyimakethe yesithathu yokushaja yemoto emhlabeni. Ngokwe-IEA Statistics, kusukela ngo-2021, kunezimoto ezintsha ezingama-2 eziyizigidi ezimbili e-US, i-114,000 ishaja yemoto yomphakathi (iziteshi zenqwaba yama-36,000), kanye nesilinganiso senqwaba yemoto), kanye nesilinganiso se-account yemoto esingu-17: 1, ephansi kakhulu kunama-European Market.
Ishaja ye-US EV ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lokushaja okuhamba kancane (kufaka phakathi i-L1 - Ukushaja ihora eli-1 ukushayela amamayela ayi-10-20 ukushayela amamayela ayi-10-20 (ukushaja ihora eli-1). Njengamanje, i-AC Slow Charging L2 ama-akhawunti ama-80%, anomthelela omkhulu we-opharetha we-51.5% yesabelo semakethe, ngenkathi i-DC esheshayo ishaja ama-akhawunti we-19%, aholwa yiTesla ngesabelo semakethe esingu-58%.

Umthombo: Hua 'ukuphepha
Ngokombiko ocwaninga nge-GRAD Buka ucwaningo, usayizi wemakethe kagesi wase-US ukushaja usayizi wezentengiso wengqalasizinda kwakungu- $ 2.85 billion ngo-2021 kanti kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule endaweni yokukhula yonyaka (i-CAGR) ka-2022 kuya ku-2020.
Lokhu okulandelayo izinkampani ezinkulu zokukhokhisa izimoto zase-US.
Tesla
Umkhiqizi wemoto kagesi uTesla engumnikazi futhi asebenzisa inethiwekhi yawo yama-supercharger. Le nkampani ineziteshi ezi-1,604 zokushaja kanye nama-supercharger ayi-14,081 emhlabeni jikelele, ezisezindaweni zomphakathi naseTesla Dealerships. Ubulungu alidingeki, kepha lilinganiselwe ezimotweni zeTesla zihlomele izixhumi zokuphathelene. UTesla angasebenzisa amashaja we-SAE nge-adaptha.
Izindleko ziyehluka ngendawo nezinye izinto, kepha zivame ukungama- $ 0,28 nge-kWh. Uma izindleko zincike ngesikhathi esichithwe, ngamasenti ayi-13 ngomzuzu ngaphansi kwama-60 kWh namasenti angama-26 ngomzuzu ngenhla kwe-60 kWh.
Inethiwekhi yokushaja ye-TESLA ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-superchargers angaphezu kuka-20,000 (amashaja asheshayo). Ngenkathi amanye amanethiwekhi ashaja anengxube yezinga eli-1 (ngaphezulu kwamahora ayi-8 ukuze akhokhiswe ngokugcwele), izinga 2 (amahora angaphezu kwama-4 ukugcwala okugcwele), ingqalasizinda ephelele yeleveli), ingqalasizinda ye-TESLA
Zonke iziteshi zamaSuperCharger ziboniswa kwimephu exhumana e-Tesla's On-Board Navigation System. Abasebenzisi bangabona iziteshi ezisendleleni, kanye nesivinini sabo sokushaja nokutholakala. Inethiwekhi yeSuperCharger ivumela abanikazi beTesla ukuthola isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu sokuhamba ngaphandle kokuncika eziteshini zokushaja komuntu wesithathu.
Cwayiza
I-Blink Network iphethwe yi-Car Charging Group, Inc, esebenza ama-3,275 Level 2 kanye ne-Level 3 Chargers e-United States. Imodeli yensizakalo ukuthi awudingi ukuba yilungu ukusebenzisa ishaja ye-blink, kepha ungagcina imali uma ujoyina.
Izindleko zesisekelo sezinga 2 Ukushaja kungama- $ 0.39 kuya ku- $ 0.79 nge-kWh ngayinye, noma $ 0.04 kuya ku- $ 0.06 ngomzuzu. I-Level 3 Ukushaja okusheshayo kubiza ama- $ 0.49 kuya ku- $ 0.69 nge-kWh, noma $ 6.99 kuya ku- $ 9.99 ngemali ngayinye ngayinye.
Ukukhokhisa
Kususelwa eCalifornia, ukukhokhisa yinethiwekhi enkulu yokushaja e-US enamaphoyinti angaphezu kwama-68,000 wokushaja, okungama-1,500 amadivayisi wokushaja ama-3 DC. Amaphesenti amancane kuphela eziteshi zokushaja imali ekhokhiswayo ama-Level 3 DC amashaja asheshayo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziteshi eziningi zokushaja zenzelwe ukushaja kancane ngesikhathi sosuku lomsebenzi ezindaweni zezentengiso zisebenzisa izinga le-Level I nelevel II charger. Leli isu elihle lokukhulisa induduzo yamakhasimende yokuhamba nge-EV ukuhamba, kepha inethiwekhi yabo inamaphutha amakhulu okuhamba okuphakathi nokuhamba ibanga elide, okwenza kube akunakwenzeka ukuthi abanikazi be-EV bazoncika ngokuphelele ekukhokhisweni.
Electrify America
I-Electrify America, ephethwe yi-automaker Volkswagen, amacebo okufaka iziteshi ezingama-480 ezisheshayo ezindaweni ezingama-17 zedolobha ezifundazweni ezingama-4, esiteshini ngasinye esingekho ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-70 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ubulungu alidingeki, kepha izaphulelo ziyatholakala ngokujoyina uhlelo lwePhasiwe leNkampani. Izindleko zokushaja zibalwa ngokwesisekelo semizuzu, ngokuya ngendawo kanye nezinga eliphakeme lamandla amukelekayo lemoto.
Isibonelo, eCalifornia, izindleko eziyisisekelo zingama- $ 0.99 ngomzuzu wama-350 KW umthamo wamandla, $ 0.69 nge-125 kW, $ 0,25 ka-75 kW, kanye no- $ 1.00 ngemali ngayinye ngayinye. Imali ekhokhwa njalo ngenyanga yohlelo lwe-Pass + lungama- $ 4,00, kanye nama- $ 0.70 ngomzuzu nge-350 KW, $ 0.50 ngomzuzu we-125 kW, kanye no- $ 0.18 ngomzuzu wama-75 kW.
UVampanie
I-EVGO, esekelwe eTennessee futhi igcina amashaja angaphezu kwe-1,200 DC asheshayo e-34. Amanani okushaja okusheshayo ahluka ngesifunda. Isibonelo, endaweni yaseLos Angeles yeCalifornia, kubiza ama- $ 0.27 ngomzuzu wamalungu nama- $ 0.23 ngomzuzu wamalungu. Ukubhalisa kudinga imali yanyanga zonke engama- $ 7.99, kepha kufaka phakathi imizuzu engama-34 yokushaja okusheshayo. Noma iyiphi indlela, izinga 2 lishaye ama- $ 1.50 ngehora. Futhi qaphela ukuthi i-EVGO inesivumelwano neTesla ye-EVGO ishaja iziteshi ezisheshayo ezizotholakala kubanini beTesla.
IVolta
I-Volta, inkampani esekwe eSan Francisco esebenza ngeziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-700 zokushaja ezifundazweni eziyi-10, okuvelele ukuthi amadivaysi okukhokhisa amaVolta akhululekile futhi akukho ubulungu obudingekayo. IVolta ixhase ukufakwa kwezinga 2 Ukushaja amayunithi aseduze nabathengisi abanjengokudla okuphelele, ama-macy's kanye nama-saks. Ngenkathi inkampani ikhokhela imali ekhokhwayo kagesi, yenza imali ngokuthengisa izikhangiso ezixhaswe eziboniswe kubaqaphi abekwe kumayunithi wokushaja. Ukubuya okuphambili kweVolta ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda ye-Level 3 ishaja ngokushesha.